Thutmose III (Menkheperre)
1479 BCE–1425 BCE · New-Kingdom · Thebes
Thutmose III (throne-name Menkheperre) was Egypt's greatest warrior-king, reigning in Dynasty 18 around 1479-1425 BCE and ruling alone from about 1458 BCE after the death of Hatshepsut, for whom he had been the junior co-ruler. Often called 'the Napoleon of Egypt' by modern writers, he conducted roughly seventeen campaigns into Syria-Palestine, beginning with a decisive victory at Megiddo, and built the largest empire in Egyptian history, stretching from the Euphrates to deep into Nubia. His campaigns are recorded in detail in the Annals inscribed at Karnak, a landmark of ancient military writing. It was late in his reign that the proscription of Hatshepsut's monuments was carried out. His long reign represents the height of Egyptian imperial power.
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One of history's first battles told blow-by-blow
Under Thutmose III (reigned c. 1479-1425 BCE), Egypt reached its greatest extent ever, stretching from the Euphrates in the north to deep into Nubia in the south. His victory at Megiddo around 1457 BCE was recorded by his military scribe on the walls of the Karnak temple in such tactical detail that it is often called the earliest battle in history for which a step-by-step account survives.
How we know
Thutmose III reigned c. 1479-1425 BCE (conventional Egyptian chronology); Battle of Megiddo dated to 9 May 1457 BCE per the Karnak Annals inscribed by the army scribe Tjaneni; empire's greatest extent (Euphrates to Nubia) under Thutmose III; widely cited as the earliest battle with a surviving detailed account.
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Thebes
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His royal capital.
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