Apocatastasis (Universal Restoration)
The daring hope that in the end all will be restored to God
Apocatastasis is the hope or doctrine that all rational beings will finally be restored to God and saved, associated with Origen and Gregory of Nyssa. Traditions differ sharply: it was condemned in connection with Origenism in 553, and while some hold it as a hope, most traditions reject it as settled dogma. It is best described as a contested hope rather than an agreed teaching.
How it traveled
- On the Soul and the ResurrectionNyssa · 395explains
- The Apology of Rufinus. Addressed to Apronianus, in Reply to Jerome's Letter to PammachiusAquileia · 411explains
- City of GodHippo Regius · 430challenges
Key passages(20)
The Bride of the Lamb · Sergei Bulgakov
On the Soul and the Resurrection · Gregory of Nyssa
This (1 Cor. xv. 28) is a text much handled by the earlier Greek Fathers. Origen especially has made it one of the Scripture foundations upon which he has built up theology. This passage in Gregory sh
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The Apology of Rufinus. Addressed to Apronianus, in Reply to Jerome's Letter to Pammachius · Rufinus of Aquileia
Jerome uses the Greek word προηλπίκοτας. It seems best to coin a new one to represent the peculiar idea. Phil. i. 18 32. In this passage all room for doubt is removed. In the former passage you said
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The Fifth Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
The Anathematisms of the Emperor Justinian Against Origen. The reader should carefully study the entire tractate of the Emperor against Origen of which these anathematisms are the conclusion. It is f
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A Work on the Proceedings of Pelagius · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 10.—Pelagius’ Answer Examined. On Origen’s Error Concerning the Non-Eternity of the Punishment of the Devil and the Damned. But what Pelagius added, “Who believes differently is an Origenist,
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whom heaven must receive until the times of restoration of all things, which God spoke long ago by the mouth of his holy prophets.
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City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 23.—Against Those Who are of Opinion that the Punishment Neither of the Devil Nor of Wicked Men Shall Be Eternal. First of all, it behoves us to inquire and to recognize why the Church has no
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City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 17.—Of Those Who Fancy that No Men Shall Be Punished Eternally. I must now, I see, enter the lists of amicable controversy with those tender-hearted Christians who decline to believe that any
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The Apology of Rufinus. Addressed to Apronianus, in Reply to Jerome's Letter to Pammachius · Rufinus of Aquileia
43. These things which you have said are read by all who know Latin, and you yourself request them to read them: such sayings, I mean as these: that all rational creatures, as can be imagined by takin
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City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 20.—Of the Impiety of Those Who Assert that the Souls Which Enjoy True and Perfect Blessedness, Must Yet Again and Again in These Periodic Revolutions Return to Labor and Misery. What pious e
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City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 17.—What Defence is Made by Sound Faith Regarding God’s Unchangeable Counsel and Will, Against the Reasonings of Those Who Hold that the Works of God are Eternally Repeated in Revolving Cycles
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Jerome's Apology for Himself Against the Books of Rufinus · Rufinus of Aquileia
Here also, as before, I gave a three fold exposition of the passage: in the first my own view, in the second the one supported by Origen, and the third the opinion of Apollinarius going contrary to hi
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The Letters of St. Jerome · Jerome
Letter LI. From Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis, in Cyprus, to John, Bishop of Jerusalem. A coolness had arisen between these two bishops in connection with the Origenistic controversy, which at this t
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City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 13.—Of the Revolution of the Ages, Which Some Philosophers Believe Will Bring All Things Round Again, After a Certain Fixed Cycle, to the Same Order and Form as at First. This controversy som
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On the Making of Man · Gregory of Nyssa
1. Wickedness, however, is not so strong as to prevail over the power of good; nor is the folly of our nature more powerful and more abiding than the wisdom of God: for it is impossible that that whic
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On the Morals of the Manichæans · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 7.—The Goodness of God Prevents Corruption from Bringing Anything to Non-Existence. The Difference Between Creating and Forming. 9. But the goodness of God does not permit the accomplishment
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The Apology of Rufinus. Addressed to Apronianus, in Reply to Jerome's Letter to Pammachius · Rufinus of Aquileia
There is another point. You find fault with others because, when questions are asked them about such matters, they do not answer at once, but hesitate and use gestures rather than words. Yet you say t
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The Apology of Rufinus. Addressed to Apronianus, in Reply to Jerome's Letter to Pammachius · Rufinus of Aquileia
9. I have made answer more at length than I had intended on this single article of the resurrection, through fear lest by brevity I should lay myself open to fresh aspersions. Consequently, I have mad
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The Letters of St. Jerome · Jerome
15. The following passage is a convincing proof that he holds the transmigration of souls and annihilation of bodies. “If it can be shewn that an incorporeal and reasonable being has life in itself in
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On the Soul and the Resurrection · Gregory of Nyssa
reduced to quiescence, ἀτρεμούντων. This is the reading adopted by Krabinger, from four Codd., instead of the vox nihili of the editions, εὐτηρεμόντων. The contrast must be between “remaining in activ
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Modern teachers who discuss this idea
Modern and living teachers whose books take up Apocatastasis (Universal Restoration). These works are still in copyright, so we can’t show the text here — each links out to the book.
- Sergei BulgakovThe Bride of the Lamb(1945)View on Amazon→