Apophatic (Negative) Theology
Knowing God by unsaying everything we think we know of him
Apophatic, or negative, theology approaches God by denying that finite concepts can capture him, seeking to know him through a kind of unknowing. Gregory of Nyssa and Pseudo-Dionysius, in his Mystical Theology, are central voices. Rather than describing God by what he is, this way strips away inadequate images and ideas, leading the mind beyond words into reverent silence before a God who exceeds all comprehension.
How it traveled
- A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity.Rome · 258explains
- The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and EusebiusCaesarea · 339explains
- The Catechetical Lectures of S. CyrilJerusalem · 386explains
- Select Orations of Saint Gregory NazianzenNazianzus · 390explains
- Answer to Eunomius' Second BookNyssa · 395explains
- Against EunomiusNyssa · 395explains
- On the Holy TrinityHippo Regius · 430explains
- Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. JohnHippo Regius · 430explains
- Letters of St. AugustinHippo Regius · 430explains
- Two Books of SoliloquiesHippo Regius · 430explains
- The ConfessionsHippo Regius · 430explains
- John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox FaithDamascus · 749explains
- MonologiumCanterbury · 1109explains
- ProslogiumCanterbury · 1109explains
- Treatise on The One God (QQ[2-26])Paris · 1274explains
Key passages(20)
The Pillar and Ground of the Truth · Pavel Florensky
New Seeds of Contemplation · Thomas Merton
Answer to Eunomius' Second Book · Gregory of Nyssa
Well, then, if God did not exist formerly, or if there be a time when He will not exist, He cannot be called either unending or without beginning; and so also neither inalterable, nor incorporeal, nor
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Answer to Eunomius' Second Book · Gregory of Nyssa
Psalm lxxxiv. 5, “in whose heart are thy ways;” but LXX. ἀναβάσεις ἐν τῇ καρδί& 139· αὐτοῦ διέθετο. Gen. xviii. 27. Gen. xv. 6; Rom. iv. 22. Rom. viii. 24. Heb. xi. 27. Ps. lxxxix. 6. Ecclesiast
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Sect. LXIV. — BUT, why it is, that some are touched by the law and some are not touched, why some receive the offered grace and some despise it, that is another question which is not here treated on b
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Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus
Epicurus taught that Matter is eternal, and consists of an indefinite number of Atoms or indivisible units, floating about in space, and mutually attracting and repelling each other; and that all that
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The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril · Cyril of Jerusalem
4. If any man attempt to speak of God, let him first describe the bounds of the earth. Thou dwellest on the earth, and the limit of this earth which is thy dwelling thou knowest not: how then shalt th
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What then means that unnameable name concerning which the Lord said, “Baptizing them into the name,” and did not add the actual significant term which “the name” indicates? We have concerning it this
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Answer to Eunomius' Second Book · Gregory of Nyssa
For it is not the case that, while the intelligence implanted in us by the Giver is fully competent to conjure up non-realities, it is endowed with no faculty at all for providing us with things that
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Answer to Eunomius' Second Book · Gregory of Nyssa
It will presently be time to bring to their own recollection the method of this argument. Suffice it first to say this. There is no faculty in human nature adequate to the full comprehension of the di
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John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith · John of Damascus
Or, such as are said to exist in the case of God, or in relation to God. The Greek is, ὅσα περὶ Θεοῦ, ἢ περὶ Θεὸν εἶναι λέγεται. Greg. Naz. ut supr. Greg. Naz., Orat. 32, 34. The Greek is, οἰκειότερ
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John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith · John of Damascus
When, then, we have perceived these things and are conducted from these to the divine essence, we do not apprehend the essence itself but only the attributes of the essence: just as we have not appreh
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How real truth may be reached in the discussion of an ineffable subject. BUT again, if such is the character of its ineffability,—nay, since it is such,—how shall whatever conclusion But how shall w
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This is the unapproachable light wherein he dwells. TRULY, O Lord, this is the unapproachable light in which thou dwellest; for truly there is nothing else which can penetrate this light, that it may
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Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus
Oration XXVIII. The Second Theological Oration. I. In the former Discourse we laid down clearly with respect to the Theologian, both what sort of character he ought to bear, and on what kind of subj
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The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and Eusebius · Eusebius of Caesarea
Chapter XII. 1. On the other hand, the sacred doctrine teaches that he who is the supreme Source of good, and Cause of all things, is beyond all comprehension, and therefore inexpressible by word, or
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Treatise on The One God (QQ[2-26]) · Thomas Aquinas
When the existence of a thing has been ascertained there remains the further question of the manner of its existence, in order that we may know its essence. Now, because we cannot know what God is, bu
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Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John · Augustine of Hippo
8. Behold, again we humble ourselves to carnal notions, and descend to you, if indeed we had at any time ascended somewhat from you. Thou wishest to show something to thy son, that he may do what thou
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A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity. · Novatian
Chapter II. Argument.—God is Above All Things, Himself Containing All Things, Immense, Eternal, Transcending the Mind of Man; Inexplicable in Discourse, Loftier Than All Sublimity. And over all these
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But Peter and Paul, he says, were named by men, and hence it comes that it is possible in their case to change the appellations. Why, what existing thing has not been named by men? I call you to testi
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Modern teachers who discuss this idea
Modern and living teachers whose books take up Apophatic (Negative) Theology. These works are still in copyright, so we can’t show the text here — each links out to the book.
- Pavel FlorenskyThe Pillar and Ground of the Truth(1914)View on Amazon→
- Thomas MertonNew Seeds of Contemplation(1961)View on Amazon→