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christian-councils-heresiesfeatured in 40 works

Arianism

Was the Son a creature, or eternal God alongside the Father

Arianism, taught by Arius, held that the Son is a created being, subordinate to the Father and not coeternal with him. The Council of Nicaea in 325 condemned this teaching and affirmed that the Son is of one being with the Father. Rejected by all the major Christian traditions, Arianism remains the classic example of denying the full and eternal divinity of Christ.

How it traveled

  1. The Church History of Eusebius
    Caesarea · 339
    applies
  2. The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and Eusebius
    Caesarea · 339
    explains
  3. Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  4. Defence Against the Arians. (Apologia Contra Arianos.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  5. On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia. (De Synodis.)
    Alexandria · 373
    explains
  6. Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  7. Arian History. (Historia Arianorum ad Monachos.)
    Alexandria · 373
    applies
  8. Letters of Athanasius with Two Ancient Chronicles of His Life
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  9. Defence of Dionysius. (De Sententia Dionysii.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  10. Encyclical Letter. (Epistola Encyclica.)
    Alexandria · 373
    applies
  11. Life of Antony. (Vita Antoni.)
    Alexandria · 373
    applies
  12. Apology to the Emperor. (Apologia Ad Constantium.)
    Alexandria · 373
    applies
  13. Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  14. Letter of Eusebius. (Epistola Eusebii.)
    Alexandria · 373
    challenges
  15. The Letters
    Caesarea (Cappadocia) · 379
    explains
  16. De Spiritu Sancto
    Caesarea (Cappadocia) · 379
    challenges
  17. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril
    Jerusalem · 386
    challenges
  18. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen
    Nazianzus · 390
    explains
  19. Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen
    Nazianzus · 390
    applies
  20. Against Eunomius
    Nyssa · 395
    challenges
  21. Answer to Eunomius' Second Book
    Nyssa · 395
    challenges
  22. Exposition of the Christian Faith
    Milan · 397
    explains
  23. On the Holy Spirit
    Milan · 397
    challenges
  24. Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose
    Milan · 397
    challenges
  25. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    challenges
  26. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the Hebrews
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    challenges
  27. Jerome's Apology for Himself Against the Books of Rufinus
    Aquileia · 411
    explains
  28. Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men
    Bethlehem · 420
    applies
  29. The Letters of St. Jerome
    Bethlehem · 420
    applies
  30. The Dialogue Against the Luciferians
    Bethlehem · 420
    explains
  31. The Sacred History Of Sulpitius Severus
    Toulouse (Aquitaine) · 425
    explains
  32. Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John
    Hippo Regius · 430
    challenges
  33. Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament
    Hippo Regius · 430
    challenges
  34. On the Holy Trinity
    Hippo Regius · 430
    challenges
  35. The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 439
    explains
  36. The Ecclesiastical History of Sozomen
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 450
    explains
  37. The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret
    Cyrrhus · 458
    explains
  38. The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great
    Rome · 604
    applies
  39. Selected Epistles of Gregory the Great
    Rome · 604
    applies
  40. Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43])
    Paris · 1274
    challenges

Key passages(20)

And the mockeries which he utters in it, repulsive and most irreligious, are such as these de Syn. §15. [where the metre of the Thalia is discussed in a note.] de Syn. §18; Joel ii. 25. Ps. xxiv. 1

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Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.) · Athanasius of Alexandria

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Chapter II. 12. Arian statements. Now the Bishop Alexander of blessed memory cast Arius out of the Church for holding and maintaining the following opinions: ‘God was not always a Father: The Son wa

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Epistles on the Arian Heresy and the Deposition of Arius. · Alexander of Alexandria

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Epistleson the Arian Heresy And the Deposition of Arius. ———————————— I.—To Alexander, Bishop of the City of Constantinople. To the most reverend and like-minded brother, Alexander, Alexander sen

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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66. But if you will constrain me to the rule of human generation, that you may be allowed to say that the Father existed before the Son, then consider whether instances, taken from the generation of e

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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16. Wherefore let the Arians observe, how impious they are in calling in question our hope and the object of our desires. And since they are wont to cry out on this point above all others, saying that

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Chapter IX.—The Letter of the Synod, relative to its Decisions: and the Condemnation of Arius and those who agreed with him. To the holy, by the grace of God, and great church of the Alexandrians, an

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The First Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Nice · The Ecumenical Councils

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The Synodal Letter. (Found in Gelasius, Historia Concilii Nicæni, lib. II, cap. xxxiii.; Socr., H. E., lib. I., cap. 6; Theodor., H. E., Lib. I., cap. 9.) To the Church of Alexandria, by the grace o

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Four Discourses Against the Arians. Discourse I. ———————————— Chapter I.—Introduction. Reason for writing; certain persons indifferent about Arianism; Arians not Christians, because sectaries alway

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This passage is commonly taken by the Fathers to refer to the Oriental sects of the early centuries, who fulfilled one or other of those conditions which it specifies. It is quoted against the Marcion

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17. This is of itself a sufficient refutation of the Arian heresy; however, its heterodoxy will appear also from the following:—If God be Maker and Creator, and create His works through the Son, and w

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This miserable procedure, of making sacred and mysterious subjects a matter of popular talk and debate, which is a sure mark of heresy, had received a great stimulus about this time by the rise of the

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Cf. infr. Orat. iv. 6. vid. also iii. 33 init. August. Trin. xiii. 18. Id. in Psalm 129, n. 12. Leon. Serm. 28, n. 3. Basil. in Psalm 48, n. 4. Cyril. de rect. fid. p. 132. vid. also Procl. Orat. i. p

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9. Who can read this whole passage without condemning the Arians, and admiring the blessed Apostle, who has spoken well? for when was Christ ‘made,’ when became He ‘Apostle,’ except when, like us, He

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14. For the Son of God indeed, being Himself the Word, is Lord of all; but we once were subject from the first to the slavery of corruption and the curse of the Law, then by degrees fashioning for our

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11. They fall into the same folly with the Arians; for Arians also say that He was created for us, that He might create us, as if God waited till our creation for His issue, as the one party say, or H

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Deposition of Arius. (Depositio Arii.) · Athanasius of Alexandria

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Deposition of Arius. ———————————— Alexander’s Deposition of Arius and his companions, and Encyclical Letter on the subject. Alexander, being assembled with his beloved brethren, the Presbyters and

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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Ps. xxii. 19. Cf. S. Matt. xxvii. 35; S. Mark xv. 24; S. Luke xxiii. 34; S. John xix. 23–24. Is. xlv. 11. A.V.—“Ask me of things to come.” Vulgate, l.c.—Ventura interrogate me. 98. It is no wonder t

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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St. Ambrose has here rendered into Latin the anathema appended to the original Nicene Creed of 325 a.d. Notice “substance or οὐσία.” The original is substantia vel οὐσίᾳ. The closer Greek equivalent o

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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By way of leading up to his proof that Christ is not different from the Father, St. Ambrose cites the more famous leaders of the Arian party, and explains how little their witness agrees, and shows wh

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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan

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114. Now I know that some assert that the mystic incarnate form was uncreated, forasmuch as nothing was done therein through intercourse with a man, because our Lord was the offspring of a virgin. If,

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