Arianism
Was the Son a creature, or eternal God alongside the Father
Arianism, taught by Arius, held that the Son is a created being, subordinate to the Father and not coeternal with him. The Council of Nicaea in 325 condemned this teaching and affirmed that the Son is of one being with the Father. Rejected by all the major Christian traditions, Arianism remains the classic example of denying the full and eternal divinity of Christ.
How it traveled
- The Church History of EusebiusCaesarea · 339applies
- The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and EusebiusCaesarea · 339explains
- Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- Defence Against the Arians. (Apologia Contra Arianos.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia. (De Synodis.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- Arian History. (Historia Arianorum ad Monachos.)Alexandria · 373applies
- Letters of Athanasius with Two Ancient Chronicles of His LifeAlexandria · 373challenges
- Defence of Dionysius. (De Sententia Dionysii.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- Encyclical Letter. (Epistola Encyclica.)Alexandria · 373applies
- Life of Antony. (Vita Antoni.)Alexandria · 373applies
- Apology to the Emperor. (Apologia Ad Constantium.)Alexandria · 373applies
- Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- Letter of Eusebius. (Epistola Eusebii.)Alexandria · 373challenges
- The LettersCaesarea (Cappadocia) · 379explains
- De Spiritu SanctoCaesarea (Cappadocia) · 379challenges
- The Catechetical Lectures of S. CyrilJerusalem · 386challenges
- Select Orations of Saint Gregory NazianzenNazianzus · 390explains
- Select Letters of Saint Gregory NazianzenNazianzus · 390applies
- Against EunomiusNyssa · 395challenges
- Answer to Eunomius' Second BookNyssa · 395challenges
- Exposition of the Christian FaithMilan · 397explains
- On the Holy SpiritMilan · 397challenges
- Selections from the Letters of St. AmbroseMilan · 397challenges
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. JohnConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407challenges
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the HebrewsConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407challenges
- Jerome's Apology for Himself Against the Books of RufinusAquileia · 411explains
- Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious MenBethlehem · 420applies
- The Letters of St. JeromeBethlehem · 420applies
- The Dialogue Against the LuciferiansBethlehem · 420explains
- The Sacred History Of Sulpitius SeverusToulouse (Aquitaine) · 425explains
- Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. JohnHippo Regius · 430challenges
- Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New TestamentHippo Regius · 430challenges
- On the Holy TrinityHippo Regius · 430challenges
- The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates ScholasticusConstantinople (Istanbul) · 439explains
- The Ecclesiastical History of SozomenConstantinople (Istanbul) · 450explains
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · 458explains
- The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the GreatRome · 604applies
- Selected Epistles of Gregory the GreatRome · 604applies
- Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43])Paris · 1274challenges
Key passages(20)
Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
And the mockeries which he utters in it, repulsive and most irreligious, are such as these de Syn. §15. [where the metre of the Thalia is discussed in a note.] de Syn. §18; Joel ii. 25. Ps. xxiv. 1
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Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Chapter II. 12. Arian statements. Now the Bishop Alexander of blessed memory cast Arius out of the Church for holding and maintaining the following opinions: ‘God was not always a Father: The Son wa
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Epistles on the Arian Heresy and the Deposition of Arius. · Alexander of Alexandria
Epistleson the Arian Heresy And the Deposition of Arius. ———————————— I.—To Alexander, Bishop of the City of Constantinople. To the most reverend and like-minded brother, Alexander, Alexander sen
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
66. But if you will constrain me to the rule of human generation, that you may be allowed to say that the Father existed before the Son, then consider whether instances, taken from the generation of e
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
16. Wherefore let the Arians observe, how impious they are in calling in question our hope and the object of our desires. And since they are wont to cry out on this point above all others, saying that
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The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
Chapter IX.—The Letter of the Synod, relative to its Decisions: and the Condemnation of Arius and those who agreed with him. To the holy, by the grace of God, and great church of the Alexandrians, an
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The First Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
The Synodal Letter. (Found in Gelasius, Historia Concilii Nicæni, lib. II, cap. xxxiii.; Socr., H. E., lib. I., cap. 6; Theodor., H. E., Lib. I., cap. 9.) To the Church of Alexandria, by the grace o
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Four Discourses Against the Arians. Discourse I. ———————————— Chapter I.—Introduction. Reason for writing; certain persons indifferent about Arianism; Arians not Christians, because sectaries alway
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
This passage is commonly taken by the Fathers to refer to the Oriental sects of the early centuries, who fulfilled one or other of those conditions which it specifies. It is quoted against the Marcion
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
17. This is of itself a sufficient refutation of the Arian heresy; however, its heterodoxy will appear also from the following:—If God be Maker and Creator, and create His works through the Son, and w
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
This miserable procedure, of making sacred and mysterious subjects a matter of popular talk and debate, which is a sure mark of heresy, had received a great stimulus about this time by the rise of the
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Cf. infr. Orat. iv. 6. vid. also iii. 33 init. August. Trin. xiii. 18. Id. in Psalm 129, n. 12. Leon. Serm. 28, n. 3. Basil. in Psalm 48, n. 4. Cyril. de rect. fid. p. 132. vid. also Procl. Orat. i. p
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
9. Who can read this whole passage without condemning the Arians, and admiring the blessed Apostle, who has spoken well? for when was Christ ‘made,’ when became He ‘Apostle,’ except when, like us, He
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
14. For the Son of God indeed, being Himself the Word, is Lord of all; but we once were subject from the first to the slavery of corruption and the curse of the Law, then by degrees fashioning for our
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Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
11. They fall into the same folly with the Arians; for Arians also say that He was created for us, that He might create us, as if God waited till our creation for His issue, as the one party say, or H
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Deposition of Arius. (Depositio Arii.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Deposition of Arius. ———————————— Alexander’s Deposition of Arius and his companions, and Encyclical Letter on the subject. Alexander, being assembled with his beloved brethren, the Presbyters and
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
Ps. xxii. 19. Cf. S. Matt. xxvii. 35; S. Mark xv. 24; S. Luke xxiii. 34; S. John xix. 23–24. Is. xlv. 11. A.V.—“Ask me of things to come.” Vulgate, l.c.—Ventura interrogate me. 98. It is no wonder t
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
St. Ambrose has here rendered into Latin the anathema appended to the original Nicene Creed of 325 a.d. Notice “substance or οὐσία.” The original is substantia vel οὐσίᾳ. The closer Greek equivalent o
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
By way of leading up to his proof that Christ is not different from the Father, St. Ambrose cites the more famous leaders of the Arian party, and explains how little their witness agrees, and shows wh
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
114. Now I know that some assert that the mystic incarnate form was uncreated, forasmuch as nothing was done therein through intercourse with a man, because our Lord was the offspring of a virgin. If,
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