First Council of Nicaea (325)
Is the Son a creature, or one in being with the Father?
Convened in 325, the first ecumenical council confronted Arianism, which held that the Son was a created being. The council confessed instead that the Son is homoousios, 'of one substance,' with the Father, fully and eternally God. This conviction was enshrined in the original Nicene Creed and became a cornerstone of orthodox Christian belief about the divinity of Christ across the major traditions.
How it traveled
- The First Ecumenical Council: The First Council of NiceNicaea · 325explains
- The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and EusebiusCaesarea · 339explains
- The Church History of EusebiusCaesarea · 339explains
- Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.)Alexandria · 373explains
- On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia. (De Synodis.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Defence Against the Arians. (Apologia Contra Arianos.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Letters of Athanasius with Two Ancient Chronicles of His LifeAlexandria · 373explains
- Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Synodal Letter to the Bishops of Africa. (Ad Afros Epistola Synodica.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Letter of Eusebius. (Epistola Eusebii.)Alexandria · 373explains
- Synodal Letter to the People of Antioch. (Tomus ad Antiochenos.)Alexandria · 373applies
- The LettersCaesarea (Cappadocia) · 379explains
- De Spiritu SanctoCaesarea (Cappadocia) · 379explains
- The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of ConstantinopleConstantinople (Istanbul) · 381explains
- Select Orations of Saint Gregory NazianzenNazianzus · 390explains
- Exposition of the Christian FaithMilan · 397explains
- Selections from the Letters of St. AmbroseMilan · 397explains
- The Dialogue Against the LuciferiansBethlehem · 420explains
- The Sacred History Of Sulpitius SeverusToulouse (Aquitaine) · 425explains
- The Seven Books of John Cassian on the Incarnation of the Lord, Against NestoriusMarseille · 435applies
- The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates ScholasticusConstantinople (Istanbul) · 439explains
- The Ecclesiastical History of SozomenConstantinople (Istanbul) · 450explains
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · 458explains
- The Letters and Sermons of Leo the GreatRome · 461explains
- The Fifth Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of ConstantinopleConstantinople (Istanbul) · 553explains
- The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the GreatRome · 604explains
- The Canons of the Synods of Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople, and Carthage Under St. Cyprian, Which Canons Were Received by the Council in Trullo and Ratified by II. NiceConstantinople (Istanbul) · 692explains
- Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic ChurchGeneva · 1564explains
Key passages(20)
The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
Chapter IX.—The Letter of the Synod, relative to its Decisions: and the Condemnation of Arius and those who agreed with him. To the holy, by the grace of God, and great church of the Alexandrians, an
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The First Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
The Synodal Letter. (Found in Gelasius, Historia Concilii Nicæni, lib. II, cap. xxxiii.; Socr., H. E., lib. I., cap. 6; Theodor., H. E., Lib. I., cap. 9.) To the Church of Alexandria, by the grace o
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The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
‘A variety of topics having been introduced by each party and much controversy being excited from the very commencement, the emperor listened to all with patient attention, deliberately and impartiall
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The First Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
Canon XVIII. It has come to the knowledge of the holy and great Synod that, in some districts and cities, the deacons administer the Eucharist to the presbyters, whereas neither canon nor custom perm
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Synodal Letter to the Bishops of Africa. (Ad Afros Epistola Synodica.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
To the Bishops of Africa. Letter of Ninety Bishops of Egypt and Libya, including Athanasius. ———————————— 1. Pre-Eminence of the Council of Nicæa. Efforts to exalt that of Ariminum at its expense.
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Circular to Bishops of Egypt and Libya. (Ad Episcopos Ægypti Et Libyæ Epistola Encyclica.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Chapter II. 12. Arian statements. Now the Bishop Alexander of blessed memory cast Arius out of the Church for holding and maintaining the following opinions: ‘God was not always a Father: The Son wa
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Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Chapter II.—Conduct of the Arians towards the Nicene Council. Ignorant as well as irreligious to attempt to reverse an Ecumenical Council: proceedings at Nicæa: Eusebians then signed what they now com
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Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Chapter V.—Defence of the Council’s Phrases, “from the essence,” And “one in essence.” Objection that the phrases are not scriptural; we ought to look at the sense more than the wording; evasion of th
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Defence of the Nicene Definition. (De Decretis.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Prov. viii. 22, and cf. Orat. ii. throughout. Eusebius of Nicomedia quotes it in his Letter to Paulinus, ap. Theodor. Hist. i. 5. And Eusebius of Cæsarea, Demonstr. Evang. v. 1. i.e. ‘Granting that
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
The author praises Gratian’s zeal for instruction in the Faith, and speaks lowly of his own merits. Taught of God Himself, the Emperor stands in no need of human instruction; yet this his devoutness p
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
St. Ambrose has here rendered into Latin the anathema appended to the original Nicene Creed of 325 a.d. Notice “substance or οὐσία.” The original is substantia vel οὐσίᾳ. The closer Greek equivalent o
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Exposition of the Christian Faith · Ambrose of Milan
114. Now I know that some assert that the mystic incarnate form was uncreated, forasmuch as nothing was done therein through intercourse with a man, because our Lord was the offspring of a virgin. If,
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Letter of Eusebius. (Epistola Eusebii.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Council of Nicæa. ———————————— Letter of Eusebius of Cæsarea to the people of his Diocese This Letter is also found in Socr. H. E. i. 8. Theod. H. E. i. Gelas. Hist. Nic. ii. 34. p. 442. Niceph. Hi
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On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia. (De Synodis.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
45. Thus the Bishop. If then any one finds fault with those who met at Nicæa, as if they contradicted the decisions of their predecessors, he might reasonably find fault also with the seventy, because
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On the Councils of Ariminum and Seleucia. (De Synodis.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
54. This is why the Nicene Council was correct in writing, what it was becoming to say, that the Son, begotten from the Father’s essence, is coessential with Him. And if we too have been taught the sa
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Synodal Letter to the Bishops of Africa. (Ad Afros Epistola Synodica.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
For this Synod of Nicæa is in truth a proscription of every heresy. It also upsets those who blaspheme the Holy Spirit, and call Him a Creature. For the Fathers, after speaking of the faith in the Son
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Synodal Letter to the People of Antioch. (Tomus ad Antiochenos.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
Tome or Synodal Letter to the People of Antioch. ———————————— To our beloved and much-desired fellow-ministers Eusebius Eusebius of Vercellæ, exiled (Hist. Ar. 33; Ap. Fug. 4) after Milan 355. See
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The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great · Pope Gregory the Great
Besides, since with the heart man believeth unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation, I confess that I receive and revere, as the four books of the Gospel so also the f
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The Canons of the Synods of Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople, and Carthage Under St. Cyprian, Which Canons Were Received by the Council in Trullo and Ratified by II. Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
Faustinus the bishop, legate of the Roman Church, said: So far as has developed by the confession of your holiness as well as of the holy Alypius, and of our brother Jocundus, I believe that some of t
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The Canons of the Synods of Sardica, Carthage, Constantinople, and Carthage Under St. Cyprian, Which Canons Were Received by the Council in Trullo and Ratified by II. Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
It is evident that the Latin text here is corrupt in more places than one. There would seem to be no doubt that for Migne’s reading quæ sibi, the Greek translators had quæ si ibi and accordingly rende
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