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christian-councils-heresiesfeatured in 19 works

Docetism

A Christ who only seemed to bleed, and a cross that only appeared to hurt

Docetism, from a Greek word for 'seeming,' is the teaching that Christ only appeared to have a body and to suffer, denying that he was truly human. It was opposed early by Ignatius of Antioch, who insisted Christ really was born, really ate, and really died, and by the First Letter of John. Among the earliest errors the Church condemned, it threatened the reality of the incarnation and the saving death.

How it traveled

  1. 1 John
    Ephesus · 100
    challenges
  2. Epistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions
    Antioch · 108
    challenges
  3. Against Heresies: Book I
    Lyons · 202
    explains
  4. Against Heresies: Book V
    Lyons · 202
    challenges
  5. Against Heresies: Book III
    Lyons · 202
    challenges
  6. On the Flesh of Christ.
    · 220
    challenges
  7. Appendix: Against All Heresies.
    · 220
    explains
  8. The Acts of the Disputation with the Heresiarch Manes.
    · 220
    applies
  9. Against the Valentinians.
    · 220
    challenges
  10. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity.
    Rome · 258
    challenges
  11. The Church History of Eusebius
    Caesarea · 339
    explains
  12. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril
    Jerusalem · 386
    explains
  13. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    challenges
  14. Reply to Faustus the Manichæan
    Hippo Regius · 430
    challenges
  15. Ten Homilies on the First Epistle of John
    Hippo Regius · 430
    challenges
  16. The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret
    Cyrrhus · 458
    challenges
  17. The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great
    Rome · 461
    challenges
  18. Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)
    Paris · 1274
    challenges
  19. Book Second. of the Knowledge of God the Redeemer, in Christ, as First Manifested to the Fathers, Under the Law, and Thereafter to Us Under the Gospel
    Geneva · 1564
    challenges

Key passages(20)

Epistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer Versions · Ignatius of Antioch

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But if, as some that are without God, that is, the unbelieving, say, that He only seemed to suffer (they themselves only seeming to exist), then why am I in bonds? Why do I long to be exposed to But

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Chapter X. Argument.—That Jesus Christ is the Son of God and Truly Man, as Opposed to the Fancies of Heretics, Who Deny that He Took Upon Him True Flesh. But of this I remind you, that Christ was not

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Against Heresies: Book I · Irenaeus of Lyons

Very high

1. Arising among these men, Saturninus (who was of that Antioch which is near Daphne) and Basilides laid hold of some favourable opportunities, and promulgated different systems of 2. He has also lai

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Epistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions · Ignatius of Antioch

Very high

Now, He suffered all these things for our sakes, that we might be saved. And He suffered truly, even as also He truly raised up Himself, not, as certain unbelievers maintain, that He only seemed to su

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Epistle to the Smyrnæans: Shorter and Longer Versions · Ignatius of Antioch

Very high

They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer, They are ashamed of the cross; they mock at the passion; they make a jest of the resurrection. They are the offspring of that spirit who is the author

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Chapter V.—Christ Truly Lived and Died in Human Flesh. Incidents of His Human Life on Earth, and Refutation of Marcion’s Docetic Parody of the Same. There are, to be sure, other things also quite as

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V. On the Flesh of Christ. This was written by our author in confutation of certain heretics who denied the reality of Christ’s flesh, or at least its identity with human flesh—fearing that, if they

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Book XXVI. Faustus insists that Jesus might have died though not born, by the exercise of divine power, yet he rejects birth and death alike. Augustin maintains that there are some things that even G

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Book XXIX. Faustus seeks to justify the docetism of the Manichæans. Augustin insists that there is nothing disgraceful in being born. 1. Faustus said: If Christ was visible, and suffered without hav

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Serapion, Bishop of Antioch. · Remains of the Second and Third Centuries

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Serapion, [a.d. circa 190–200–211.] He was the eighth bishop of Antioch, a diligent writer and exemplary pastor. Little as we have of his remains, Lardner shows how very useful is that little. (1) He

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The Acts of the Disputation with the Heresiarch Manes. · Archelaus

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50. Manes said: No one, certainly, who may be able to give a reply to what has just been alleged by you need fear incurring the guilt of blasphemy, but should rather be deemed thoroughly worthy of all

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Very high

31. Let us remember these things, brethren: let us use these weapons in our defence. Let us not endure those heretics who teach Christ’s coming as a phantom. Let us abhor those also who say that the S

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Very high

Chapter XII.—Serapion and his Extant Works. 1. It is probable that others have preserved other memorials of Serapion’s On Serapion, see Bk. V. chap. 19, note 1. The Greek reads: τοῦ δὲ Σαραπίωνος τ

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The quotation is not quite exact, “᾽Εὐχαριστίας καὶ προσφορὰς οῦκ ἀποδέχονται” being substituted for εὐχαριστίας καὶ προσευχῆς ἀπεχονται. Bp. Lightfoot (Ap. Fath. II. ii. 307) notes, “the argument is

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Very high

This peerless Faith, dearly-beloved, this Truth proclaimed throughout all ages, is opposed by the devilish blasphemies of the Manichæans: who to murder the souls of the deceived have woven a deadly ti

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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons

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1. For in no other way could we have learned the things of God, unless our Master, existing as the Word, had become man. For no other being had the power of revealing to us the things of the Father, e

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Chapter III.—Christ’s Nativity Both Possible and Becoming. The Heretical Opinion of Christ’s Apparent Flesh Deceptive and Dishonourable to God, Even on Marcion’s Principles. SinceGod therefore willed

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6. If we read, "Cursed of God is every one that hangeth on a tree," the addition of the words "of God" creates no difficulty. For had not God hated sin and our death, He would not have sent His Son to

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The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John · John Chrysostom

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Homily XI. John i. 14 “And the Word was made Flesh, and dwelt among us.” [1.] I desire to ask one favor of you all, before I touch on the words of the Gospel; do not you refuse my request, for I as

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Epistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions · Ignatius of Antioch

Very high

But if any one preach the Jewish lawFlee therefore the wicked devices and snares of the prince If any one preaches the one God of the law and the prophets, but denies Christ to be the Son of God, he

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