Filioque
Two words added to the Creed — "and the Son" — that still mark the line between East and West
The Filioque is the Western addition to the Creed stating that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father "and the Son." It entered Western creeds over time, appearing in settings such as the councils of Toledo. This remains a major doctrinal and ecclesial divide: the West affirms the phrase, while the East rejects both its insertion into the Creed and, often, the doctrine itself, holding that the Spirit proceeds from the Father. It is among the deepest East–West differences.
How it traveled
- Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43])Paris · c. 1274 CEexplains
Key passages(11)
Each passage is tagged by what it does with the idea: explains it, applies it in practice, redefines it with a new meaning, or challenges it. Relevance shows how directly the passage is about this idea.
Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43]) · Thomas Aquinas
Objection 1: It would seem that the Holy Ghost does not proceed from the Son. For as Dionysius says (Div. Nom. i): "We must not dare to say anything concerning the substantial Divinity except what has
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The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
Καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα πιστεύομεν,…ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον καὶ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ λαμβανόμενον καὶ πιστευόμενον, εἰς μίαν καθολικὴν κ.τ.λ. Now it looks to me as if the text had got corrupted and that th
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Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43]) · Thomas Aquinas
We derive a knowledge of the same truth from the very order of nature itself. For we nowhere find that several things proceed from one without order except in those which differ only by their matter;
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Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43]) · Thomas Aquinas
Reply to Objection 6: For the reason that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father perfectly, not only is it not superfluous to say He proceeds from the Son, but rather it is absolutely necessary. Fora
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Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John · Augustine of Hippo
Tractate XCIX. Chapter XVI. 13. 1. What is this that the Lord said of the Holy Spirit, when promising that He would come and teach His disciples all truth, or guide them into all truth: “For He shal
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Elucidations. ———————————— I. (Teaching of the Church, p. 240.) It is noteworthy how frequently our author employs this expression in this immediate connection. Concerning the punishment of the wi
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116. The Spirit, also, is indeed said to be sent, but the Seraph to one, the Spirit to all. The Seraph is sent to minister, the Spirit works a mystery. The Seraph performs what is commanded, the Spiri
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The same love proceeds equally from Father and Son. IT is, at any rate, clear to the rational man that he does not remember himself or conceive of himself because he loves himself, but he loves himse
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The Third Ecumenical Council: The Council of Ephesus · The Ecumenical Councils
IX. If any man shall say that the one Lord Jesus Christ was glorified by the Holy Ghost, so that he used through him a power not his own and from him received power against unclean spirits and power
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Treatise on The Most Holy Trinity (QQ[27-43]) · Thomas Aquinas
Thus in a special sense, a mission of the Holy Ghost was directed to Christ, to the apostles, and to some of the early saints on whom the Church was in a way founded; in such a manner, however, that t
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On the Holy Trinity · Augustine of Hippo
27. But if the Son is said to be sent by the Father on this account, that the one is the Father, and the other the Son, this does not in any manner hinder us from believing the Son to be equal, and co
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