Filioque Controversy
The long quarrel over "and the Son" that hardened into a church-dividing rupture
This is the centuries-long East–West dispute over inserting "and the Son" into the Creed's article on the Spirit's procession, advanced in the West by Carolingian theologians and resisted in the East notably by Photios of Constantinople. Distinct from the doctrine itself, it names the controversy as a church-dividing event. The traditions differ: the West defended the addition while the East condemned altering the Creed, making this a defining issue in the estrangement of the churches.
How it traveled
- The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of ConstantinopleConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 381 CEexplains
Key passages(4)
Each passage is tagged by what it does with the idea: explains it, applies it in practice, redefines it with a new meaning, or challenges it. Relevance shows how directly the passage is about this idea.
The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
Historical Excursus on the Introduction into the Creed of the Words “and the Son.” The introduction into the Nicene Creed of the words “and the Son” (Filioque) has given rise to, or has been the pret
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The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
In 809 a council was held at Aix-la-Chapelle by Charlemagne, and from it three divines were sent to confer with the Pope, Leo III, upon the subject. The Pope opposed the insertion of the Filioque on t
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The Second Ecumenical Council: The First Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
Καὶ εἰς τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα πιστεύομεν,…ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον καὶ ἐκ τοῦ Υἱοῦ λαμβανόμενον καὶ πιστευόμενον, εἰς μίαν καθολικὴν κ.τ.λ. Now it looks to me as if the text had got corrupted and that th
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Elucidations. ———————————— I. (Teaching of the Church, p. 240.) It is noteworthy how frequently our author employs this expression in this immediate connection. Concerning the punishment of the wi
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