Marcionism
Two Gods, one rejected Bible — the challenge that forged the canon
Marcionism, taught by Marcion of Sinope, held that the God of the Old Testament was a lesser being distinct from the Father of Jesus, and so rejected the Hebrew Scriptures. Tertullian opposed it in his work Against Marcion. The teaching was condemned universally, yet it played a decisive historical role: by forcing the question of which writings were authoritative, it helped spur the formation of the Christian canon.
How it traveled
- The First ApologyRome · 165challenges
- Against Heresies: Book IIILyons · 202challenges
- Against Heresies: Book IVLyons · 202challenges
- Against Heresies: Book VLyons · 202challenges
- Against Heresies: Book ILyons · 202challenges
- Against Heresies: Book IILyons · 202challenges
- On the Resurrection of the Flesh.— · 220applies
- The Prescription Against Heretics.— · 220applies
- On the Flesh of Christ.— · 220challenges
- Against Hermogenes.— · 220challenges
- The Church History of EusebiusCaesarea · 339explains
- The Catechetical Lectures of S. CyrilJerusalem · 386explains
- The Homilies of St. John ChrysostomConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and EphesiansConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious MenBethlehem · 420explains
- Reply to Faustus the ManichæanHippo Regius · 430applies
- The ConfessionsHippo Regius · 430applies
- On the Morals of the Catholic ChurchHippo Regius · 430challenges
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · 458challenges
Key passages(20)
Against Heresies: Book I · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. Cerdo was one who took his system from the followers of Simon, and came to live at Rome in the time of Hyginus, who held the ninth place in the episcopal succession from the apostles downwards. He
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The Church History of Eusebius · Eusebius of Caesarea
Marcion cannot be called a Gnostic in the strict sense of the term. He was rather an anti-Jewish reformer. He had much in common with the Gnostics, but laid stress upon belief rather than upon knowled
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And, as we said before, the devils put forward Marcion of Pontus, who is even now teaching men to deny that God is the maker of all things in heaven and on earth, and that the Christ predicted by the
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On the Flesh of Christ. · Anti-marcion
V. On the Flesh of Christ. This was written by our author in confutation of certain heretics who denied the reality of Christ’s flesh, or at least its identity with human flesh—fearing that, if they
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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. With regard to those (the Marcionites) who allege that Paul alone knew the truth, and that to him the mystery was manifested by revelation, let Paul himself convict them, when he says, that one and
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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. God does, however, exercise a providence over all things, and therefore He also gives counsel; and when giving counsel, He is present with those who attend to moral discipline. 2. Again, that they
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Against Heresies: Book IV · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. Vain, too, is [the effort of] Marcion and his followers when they [seek to] exclude Abraham from the inheritance, to whom the Spirit through many men, and now by Paul, bears witness, that “he belie
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Against Heresies: Book IV · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. Now I shall simply say, in opposition to all the heretics, and principally against the followers of Marcion, and against those who are like to these, in maintaining that the prophets were from anot
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Appendix: Against All Heresies. · Anti-marcion
Chapter VI.—Cerdo, Marcion, Lucan, Apelles. To this is added one Cerdo. He introduces two first causes,nay, really not to have been born at all. A resurrection of the soul merely does he approve, den
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Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men · Jerome
Chapter XVII. Polycarp disciple of the apostle John and by him ordained bishop of Smyrna was chief of all Asia, where he saw and had as teachers some of the apostles and of those who had seen the Lor
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On the Flesh of Christ. · Anti-marcion
Chapter VII.—Explanation of the Lord’s Question About His Mother and His Brethren. Answer to the Cavils of Apelles and Marcion, Who Support Their Denial of Christ’s Nativity by It. But whenever a dis
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On the Resurrection of the Flesh. · Anti-marcion
Chapter V.—Some Considerations in Reply Eulogistic of the Flesh. It Was Created by God. The Body of Man Was, in Fact, Previous to His Soul. Inasmuch as all uneducated men, therefore, still form their
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
4. Manichæus indeed was not a prophet of Christ, but calls himself an apostle, which is a shameless falsehood; for it is well known that this heresy began not only after Tertullian, but after Cyprian.
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book VI. Faustus avows his disbelief in the Old Testament and his disregard of its precepts, and accuses Catholics of inconsistency in neglecting its ordinances, while claiming to accept it as author
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
4. Augustin replied: Poor safety, indeed! when you contradict yourself by hating the patriarchs as impure, at the same time that you grieve for your impure god. You allow that, since the advent of the
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book X. Faustus insists that the Old Testament promises are radically different from those of the New. Augustin admits a difference, but maintains that the moral precepts are the same in both. 1. Fa
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book VIII. Faustus maintains that to hold to the Old Testament after the giving of the New is putting new cloth on an old garment. Augustin further explains the relation of the Old Testament to the N
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book XVII. Faustus rejects Christ’s declaration that He came not to destroy the law and the prophets but to fulfill them, on the ground that it is found only in Matthew, who was not present when the
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book XV. Faustus rejects the Old Testament because it leaves no room for Christ. Christ the one Bridegroom suffices for His Bride the Church. Augustin answers as well as he can, and reproves the Mani
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
Book IV. Faustus’s reasons for rejecting the Old Testament, and Augustin’s animadversions thereon. 1. Faustus said: Do I believe the Old Testament? If it bequeaths anything to me, I believe it; if n
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