Veneration of Relics
An altar with a saint's bones beneath it — the dead in Christ keeping watch over the living
This is the honoring of saints' and martyrs' bodily remains and possessions, including the custom of placing relics within altars. The Martyrdom of Polycarp (c. 156) attests early reverence, and Nicaea II (787) regularized relics in altars. Catholic, Orthodox, and Oriental churches traditionally include relics in an altar; most Protestants rejected the practice. Even in antiquity it was debated, as in Jerome's dispute with Vigilantius.
How it traveled
- The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and EusebiusCaesarea · c. 339 CEexplains
- The Church History of EusebiusCaesarea · c. 339 CEexplains
- The LettersCaesarea (Cappadocia) · c. 379 CEexplains
- Selections from the Letters of St. AmbroseMilan · c. 397 CEexplains
- Homilies on S. Ignatius and S. BabylasConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEexplains
- Against VigilantiusBethlehem · c. 420 CEapplies
- City of GodHippo Regius · c. 430 CEapplies
- The ConfessionsHippo Regius · c. 430 CEexplains
- Letters of St. AugustinHippo Regius · c. 430 CEapplies
- The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates ScholasticusConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 439 CEexplains
- The Ecclesiastical History of SozomenConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 450 CEexplains
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · c. 458 CEexplains
- Selected Epistles of Gregory the GreatRome · c. 604 CEapplies
- The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the GreatRome · c. 604 CEexplains
- The Seventh Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of NiceNicaea · c. 787 CEexplains
- Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)Paris · c. 1274 CEexplains
Key passages(20)
Each passage is tagged by what it does with the idea: explains it, applies it in practice, redefines it with a new meaning, or challenges it. Relevance shows how directly the passage is about this idea.
Against Vigilantius. ———————————— Introduction. Full details respecting Vigilantius, against whom this treatise, the result of a single night’s labour, is directed, may be found in a work on “Vigil
Tap to expand
7. As to the question of tapers, however, we do not, as you in vain misrepresent us, light them in the daytime, but by their solace we would cheer the darkness of the night, and watch for the dawn, le
Tap to expand
City of God · Augustine of Hippo
There is a country-seat called Victoriana, less than thirty miles from Hippo-regius. At it there is a monument to the Milanese martyrs, Protasius and Gervasius. Thither a young man was carried, who, w
Tap to expand
The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
Chapter XVII.—The Emperor’s Mother Helena having come to Jerusalem, searches for and finds the Cross of Christ, and builds a Church. Helena, the emperor’s mother (from whose name having made Drepanum
Tap to expand
Letter CIX. To Riparius. Riparius, a presbyter of Aquitaine had written to inform Jerome that Vigilantius (for whom see Letter LXI.) was preaching in southern Gaul against the worship of relics and t
Tap to expand
Letter CXCVII. Placed in 375. To Ambrose, bishop of Milan. Ambrose was placed in the archiepiscopate of Milan in 374. The letter of Basil is in reply to a request for the restoration to his native
Tap to expand
The Seventh Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of Nice · The Ecumenical Councils
Canon VII. That to churches consecrated without any deposit of the reliques of the Saints, the defect should be made good. Paul the divine Apostle says: “The sins of some are open beforehand, and so
Tap to expand
Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59) · Thomas Aquinas
On the contrary, It is written (De Eccles. Dogm. xl): "We believe that the bodies of the saints, above all the relics of the blessed martyrs, as being the members of Christ, should be worshiped in all
Tap to expand
Selections from the Letters of St. Ambrose · Ambrose of Milan
13. Let these triumphant victims be brought to the place where Christ is the victim. But He upon the altar, Who suffered for all; they beneath the altar, who were redeemed by His Passion. I had destin
Tap to expand
The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great · Pope Gregory the Great
Further, as to Paul the cleric, who is said to have been often detected in malpractices, and who had fled into Africa, having returned to a lay state of life in despite of his cloth, if it is so, we h
Tap to expand
City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 27.—Concerning the Nature of the Honor Which the Christians Pay to Their Martyrs. But, nevertheless, we do not build temples, and ordain priests, rites, and sacrifices for these same martyrs;
Tap to expand
Homilies on S. Ignatius and S. Babylas · John Chrysostom
What then was the return for this worship? The overturning of cities, the bitterest famine of all famines. For ye know doubtless, and remember, how empty indeed the market place was of wares, and the
Tap to expand
Book VI · Constitutions of the Holy Apostles
XXX. Do not therefore keep any such observances about legal and natural purgations, as thinking you are defiled by them. Neither do you seek after Jewish separations, or perpetual washings, or purific
Tap to expand
City of God · Augustine of Hippo
Likewise Eleusinus, a man of tribunitian rank among us, laid his infant son, who had died, on the shrine of the martyr, which is in the suburb where he lived, and, after prayer, which he poured out th
Tap to expand
City of God · Augustine of Hippo
One miracle was wrought among ourselves, which, though no greater than those I have mentioned, was yet so signal and conspicuous, that I suppose there is no inhabitant of Hippo who did not either see
Tap to expand
Homilies on S. Ignatius and S. Babylas · John Chrysostom
5. In order then that all who dwell in Rome might learn that these things are a reality, God allowed that there the saint should be perfected, Sc., suffer a martyr’s death. Quoted from Epistle of Ig
Tap to expand
The Book of Pastoral Rule, and Selected Epistles, of Gregory the Great · Pope Gregory the Great
But what shall I say of the bodies of the blessed apostles, when it is well known that, at the time when they suffered, believers came from the East to recover their bodies as being those of their own
Tap to expand
The Church History of Eusebius · Eusebius of Caesarea
This shows that the martyrs were highly venerated even at this early date, as was indeed most natural, and as is acknowledged by the writers themselves just below. But it does not show that the Christ
Tap to expand
The Confessions · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter II.—She, on the Prohibition of Ambrose, Abstains from Honouring the Memory of the Martyrs. 2. When, therefore, my mother had at one time—as was her custom in Africa—brought to the oratories b
Tap to expand
The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
Chapter XLV.—The Body of John Chrysostom transferred to Constantinople, and placed in the Church of the Apostles by the Emperor at the Instigation of Proclus. Not long after this, Proclus the bishop
Tap to expand