Theotokos (God-bearer)
To call Mary Mother of God is really a confession about who her Son is
Theotokos, 'God-bearer,' affirms that Mary may rightly be called Mother of God because the one she bore is a single divine person, the eternal Son. Defined at the Council of Ephesus through Cyril of Alexandria against Nestorius, the title is embraced by Catholic and Orthodox traditions. It is sometimes downplayed in Protestant practice, though it follows logically from the Chalcedonian confession of Christ's one person.
How it traveled
- LukeRome · 84explains
- Against Heresies: Book IIILyons · 202explains
- The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.— · 220explains
- On the Flesh of Christ.— · 220explains
- The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary.— · 220explains
- Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the FleshEdessa · 373explains
- Against the Arians. (Orationes contra Arianos IV.)Alexandria · 373explains
- The Catechetical Lectures of S. CyrilJerusalem · 386explains
- Select Orations of Saint Gregory NazianzenNazianzus · 390explains
- Concerning VirginsMilan · 397explains
- The Homilies of St. John ChrysostomConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- A Commentary on the Apostles' CreedAquileia · 411explains
- The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed MaryBethlehem · 420explains
- Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious MenBethlehem · 420explains
- Expositions on the Book of PsalmsHippo Regius · 430explains
- Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. JohnHippo Regius · 430explains
- Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New TestamentHippo Regius · 430explains
- Reply to Faustus the ManichæanHippo Regius · 430explains
- Of Holy VirginityHippo Regius · 430explains
- The Third Ecumenical Council: The Council of EphesusEphesus · 431explains
- The Seven Books of John Cassian on the Incarnation of the Lord, Against NestoriusMarseille · 435explains
- The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates ScholasticusConstantinople (Istanbul) · 439explains
- The Commonitory of Vincent of Lérins, For the Antiquity and Universality of the Catholic Faith Against the Profane Novelties of All HeresiesLérins · 445explains
- The Fourth Ecumenical Council. The Council of ChalcedonChalcedon · 451explains
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · 458explains
- The Letters and Sermons of Leo the GreatRome · 461explains
- The Fifth Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of ConstantinopleConstantinople (Istanbul) · 553explains
- John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox FaithDamascus · 749explains
- Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)Paris · 1274explains
Key passages(20)
The Fifth Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils
The Capitula of the Council. (Labbe and Cossart, Concilia, Tom. V., col. 568.) I. If anyone shall not confess that the nature or essence of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost is one, as
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The Third Ecumenical Council: The Council of Ephesus · The Ecumenical Councils
The XII. Anathematisms of St. Cyril Against Nestorius. (Found in St. Cyril’s Opera. Migne, Pat. Græc, Tom. LXXVII., Col. 119; and the Concilia.) I. If anyone will not confess that the Emmanuel is v
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Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna On the Day that They Met in the Temple. · Methodius
Oration Concerning Simeon and Anna On the Day that They Met in the Temple. ———————————— I. Although I have before, as briefly as possible, in my dialogue on chastity, sufficiently laid the foundati
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The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret · Theodoret of Cyrus
“The natures which have been brought together in the true unity are distinct, and of both there is one God and Son, but the difference of the natures has not been removed in consequence of the union.”
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The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret · Theodoret of Cyrus
The Anathemas of Cyril in Opposition to Nestorius. ———————————— (Mansi T. IV. p. 1067–1082, Migne Cat. 76, col. 391. The anathemas of Nestorius against Cyril are to be found in Hardouin i. 1297.) I
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The Fourth Ecumenical Council. The Council of Chalcedon · The Ecumenical Councils
O fools, and only knowing how to misrepresent, how have ye been led to such a judgment, how have ye fallen into so foolish a sickness? For it is necessary, it is undoubtedly necessary, to understand t
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The Seven Books of John Cassian on the Incarnation of the Lord, Against Nestorius · John Cassian
How the errors of later heretics have been condemned and refuted in the persons of their authors and originators. As we began by setting down in the first book some things by which we showed that our
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Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59) · Thomas Aquinas
Objection 2: Further, Christ is called God in respect of His Divine Nature. But the Divine Nature did not first originate from the Virgin. Therefore the Blessed Virgin should not be called the Mother
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In this book St. Ambrose purposes to treat of the training of virgins, using examples rather than precepts, and explains why he does so in writing rather than by word of mouth. 1. In the former book
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10. Such has the Evangelist shown her, such did the angel find her, such did the Holy Spirit choose her. Why delay about details? How her parents loved her, strangers praised her, how worthy she was t
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Select Letters of Saint Gregory Nazianzen · Gregory of Nazianzus
To Cledonius the Priest Against Apollinarius. (Ep. CI.) To our most reverend and God-beloved brother and fellow-priest Cledonius, Gregory, greeting in the Lord. I desire to learn what is this fashio
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Appendix to the Works of Hippolytus. Containing Dubious and Spurious Pieces. · Hippolytus
Elucidations. ———————————— I. (The God-bearing Mary, p. 242.) “This name” (θεοτόκος), says Pearson, “was first in use in the Greek Church, which, delighting in the happy compositions of that langu
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John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith · John of Damascus
The ever-virgin One thus remains even after the birth still virgin, having never at any time up till death consorted with a man. For although it is written, And knew her not till she had brought forth
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Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John · Augustine of Hippo
6. What, then, is this, saith one, which the Lord saith, “Woman, what have I to do with thee?” Perhaps the Lord shows us in the sequel why He said this: “Mine hour,” saith He, “is not yet come.” For t
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The Book of John Concerning the Falling Asleep of Mary. · Apocrypha of the New Testament
The Book of John Concerning the Falling Asleep of Mary. ———————————— The Account of St. John the Theologian As the all-holy glorious mother of God and ever-virgin Mary, as was her wont, was going t
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The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril · Cyril of Jerusalem
ἡ θεοτόκος— Deipara. Gibbon (Chap. xlvii. 34) says, “It is not easy to fix the invention of this word, which La Croze (Christianisme des Indes, tom. i. p. 16) ascribes to Eusebius of Cæsarea and the A
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The Ecclesiastical History of Socrates Scholasticus · Socrates Scholasticus
Chapter XXXII.—Of the Presbyter Anastasius, by whom the Faith of Nestorius was perverted. Nestorius had an associate whom he had brought from Antioch, a presbyter named Anastasius; for this man he ha
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The Passing of Mary: Second Latin Form. · Apocrypha of the New Testament
Second Latin Form. Here Beginneth the Passing of the Blessed Virgin Mary. 1.Therefore, when the Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ was hanging on the tree fastened by the nails of the cross for the life
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The Third Ecumenical Council: The Council of Ephesus · The Ecumenical Councils
The Epistle of Cyril to Nestorius with the XII. Anathematisms. (Labbe and Cossart, Concilia, Tom. III., col. 395; Migne, Patr. Græc., Tom. LXXVII. [Cyril, Opera, Tom. X.], col. 105 et seqq.) To the
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Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59) · Thomas Aquinas
We now have to consider the virginity of the Mother of God; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether she was a virgin in conceiving? (2) Whether she was a virgin in His Birth?
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