Vicarious Atonement
He stood in our place, bearing what was ours so that what was his might become ours
Vicarious atonement holds that Christ acted and suffered on humanity's behalf, in its place, to accomplish salvation. It draws on the suffering servant of Isaiah 53 and Paul's words that God made him who knew no sin to be sin for us (2 Corinthians 5:21). The broad conviction that Christ saves "for us" is widely shared; the contested part lies in the specific mechanisms, such as penal or satisfaction theories, which the traditions explain differently.
How it traveled
- 1 PeterRome · 64explains
- HebrewsRome · 67explains
- RomansCorinth · 67explains
- 2 CorinthiansPhilippi · 67explains
- GalatiansEphesus · 67explains
- EphesiansRome · 67explains
- MatthewAntioch · 80explains
- LukeRome · 84explains
- JohnEphesus · 100explains
- The First ApologyRome · 165explains
- Against Heresies: Book VLyons · 202explains
- Against Heresies: Book IIILyons · 202explains
- The Epistle of BarnabasAlexandria · 220explains
- The Incarnation of the WordAlexandria · 373explains
- The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and EphesiansConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- Homilies on Second CorinthiansConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- The Homilies of St. John ChrysostomConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the HebrewsConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. JohnConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- Homilies on First CorinthiansConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Timothy, Titus, and PhilemonConstantinople (Istanbul) · 407explains
- Expositions on the Book of PsalmsHippo Regius · 430explains
- A Treatise on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins, and on the Baptism of InfantsHippo Regius · 430explains
- On the Holy TrinityHippo Regius · 430explains
- Reply to Faustus the ManichæanHippo Regius · 430explains
- The EnchiridionHippo Regius · 430explains
- The Letters and Sermons of Leo the GreatRome · 461explains
- Anselm's Cur Deus HomoCanterbury · 1109explains
- Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)Paris · 1274explains
- Commentary on GalatiansWittenberg · 1546explains
- Book Second. of the Knowledge of God the Redeemer, in Christ, as First Manifested to the Fathers, Under the Law, and Thereafter to Us Under the GospelGeneva · 1564explains
- Book Third. the Mode of Obtaining the Grace of Christ. the Benefits It Confers, and the Effects Resulting from ItGeneva · 1564explains
- Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic ChurchGeneva · 1564explains
- XIV Five discourses on the soul's eternal salvationNorthampton, Massachusetts · 1758explains
- Seventeen Occasional SermonsNorthampton, Massachusetts · 1758explains
- A History of the Work of RedemptionNorthampton, Massachusetts · 1758explains
- The Wisdom of God Displayed in the Way of SalvationNorthampton, Massachusetts · 1758explains
Key passages(20)
who his own self bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness; by whose stripes you were healed.
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Because Christ also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring you to God; being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit;
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For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus, that one died for all, therefore all died.
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For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.
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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther
Jerome and his present-day followers rack their miserable brains over this comforting passage in an effort to save Christ from the fancied insult of being called a curse. They say: “This quotation fro
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Seventeen Occasional Sermons · Jonathan Edwards
1. The cause of those views and apprehensions, which Christ had in his agony in the garden, was the bitter cup which he was soon after to drink on the cross. The sufferings which Christ underwent in h
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Seventeen Occasional Sermons · Jonathan Edwards
1. Christ has undertaken to save all such from what they fear, if they come to him. It is his professional business; the work in which he engaged before the foundation of the world. It is what he alwa
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The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians · John Chrysostom
First, it is impossible to fulfill the requirements of the law and nonfulfillment lays us under a curse (Ver. 10.); Secondly, supposing the fulfilment possible, still the spirit of the Law is antagoni
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The Wisdom of God Displayed in the Way of Salvation · Jonathan Edwards
2. To consider the substituting of this person in our room. After choosing the person to be our redeemer, the next step of divine wisdom is, to contrive the way how he should perform this work. If God
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Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59) · Thomas Aquinas
In proper sequence we have now to consider all that relates to Christ's leaving the world. In the first place, His Passion; secondly, His death; thirdly, His burial; and, fourthly, His descent into he
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Book Second. of the Knowledge of God the Redeemer, in Christ, as First Manifested to the Fathers, Under the Law, and Thereafter to Us Under the Gospel · John Calvin
CHRIST RIGHTLY AND PROPERLY SAID TO HAVE MERITED GRACE AND SALVATION FOR US. The three leading divisions of this chapter are,—I. A proof from reason and from Scripture that the grace of God and the m
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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther
Faith connects you so intimately with Christ, that He and you become as it were one person. As such you may boldly say: “I am now one with Christ. Therefore Christ’s righteousness, victory, and life a
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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther
In civil life obedience to the law is severely required. In civil life Gospel, conscience, grace, remission of sins, Christ Himself, do not count, but only Moses with the lawbooks. If we bear in mind
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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther
This passage furthermore declares that Christ’s purpose in coming was the abolition of the Law, not with the intention of laying down new laws, but “to redeem them that were under the law.” Christ him
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Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us. For it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree,”
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But we see him who has been made a little lower than the angels, Jesus, because of the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor, that by the grace of God he should taste of death for everyone.
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Reply to Faustus the Manichæan · Augustine of Hippo
6. If we read, "Cursed of God is every one that hangeth on a tree," the addition of the words "of God" creates no difficulty. For had not God hated sin and our death, He would not have sent His Son to
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But that, having become man for our sakes, He endured to suffer and to be dishonoured, and that He shall come again with glory, hear the prophecies which relate to this; they are these: “Because they
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A History of the Work of Redemption · Jonathan Edwards
3. It was by the same things that Christ hath satisfied God’s justice, and also purchased eternal happiness. He did not make satisfaction by some things, and then work out righteousness by other diffe
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Book Second. of the Knowledge of God the Redeemer, in Christ, as First Manifested to the Fathers, Under the Law, and Thereafter to Us Under the Gospel · John Calvin
4. When we say, that grace was obtained for us by the merit of Christ, our meaning is, that we were cleansed by his blood, that his death was an expiation for sin, “His blood cleanses us from all sin.
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