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Wellsprings
christian-soteriologyfeatured in 37 works

Vicarious Atonement

He stood in our place, bearing what was ours so that what was his might become ours

Vicarious atonement holds that Christ acted and suffered on humanity's behalf, in its place, to accomplish salvation. It draws on the suffering servant of Isaiah 53 and Paul's words that God made him who knew no sin to be sin for us (2 Corinthians 5:21). The broad conviction that Christ saves "for us" is widely shared; the contested part lies in the specific mechanisms, such as penal or satisfaction theories, which the traditions explain differently.

How it traveled

  1. 1 Peter
    Rome · 64
    explains
  2. Hebrews
    Rome · 67
    explains
  3. Romans
    Corinth · 67
    explains
  4. 2 Corinthians
    Philippi · 67
    explains
  5. Galatians
    Ephesus · 67
    explains
  6. Ephesians
    Rome · 67
    explains
  7. Matthew
    Antioch · 80
    explains
  8. Luke
    Rome · 84
    explains
  9. John
    Ephesus · 100
    explains
  10. The First Apology
    Rome · 165
    explains
  11. Against Heresies: Book V
    Lyons · 202
    explains
  12. Against Heresies: Book III
    Lyons · 202
    explains
  13. The Epistle of Barnabas
    Alexandria · 220
    explains
  14. The Incarnation of the Word
    Alexandria · 373
    explains
  15. The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  16. Homilies on Second Corinthians
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  17. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  18. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the Hebrews
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  19. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  20. Homilies on First Corinthians
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  21. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Timothy, Titus, and Philemon
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  22. Expositions on the Book of Psalms
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  23. A Treatise on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins, and on the Baptism of Infants
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  24. On the Holy Trinity
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  25. Reply to Faustus the Manichæan
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  26. The Enchiridion
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  27. The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great
    Rome · 461
    explains
  28. Anselm's Cur Deus Homo
    Canterbury · 1109
    explains
  29. Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)
    Paris · 1274
    explains
  30. Commentary on Galatians
    Wittenberg · 1546
    explains
  31. Book Second. of the Knowledge of God the Redeemer, in Christ, as First Manifested to the Fathers, Under the Law, and Thereafter to Us Under the Gospel
    Geneva · 1564
    explains
  32. Book Third. the Mode of Obtaining the Grace of Christ. the Benefits It Confers, and the Effects Resulting from It
    Geneva · 1564
    explains
  33. Book Fourth. of the Holy Catholic Church
    Geneva · 1564
    explains
  34. XIV Five discourses on the soul's eternal salvation
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains
  35. Seventeen Occasional Sermons
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains
  36. A History of the Work of Redemption
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains
  37. The Wisdom of God Displayed in the Way of Salvation
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains

Key passages(20)

1 Peter · Pope Peter the Apostle

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who his own self bore our sins in his body on the tree, that we, having died to sins, might live to righteousness; by whose stripes you were healed.

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1 Peter · Pope Peter the Apostle

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Because Christ also suffered for sins once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring you to God; being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit;

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2 Corinthians · Paul the Apostle

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For the love of Christ constrains us; because we judge thus, that one died for all, therefore all died.

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2 Corinthians · Paul the Apostle

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For him who knew no sin he made to be sin on our behalf; so that in him we might become the righteousness of God.

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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther

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Jerome and his present-day followers rack their miserable brains over this comforting passage in an effort to save Christ from the fancied insult of being called a curse. They say: “This quotation fro

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1. The cause of those views and apprehensions, which Christ had in his agony in the garden, was the bitter cup which he was soon after to drink on the cross. The sufferings which Christ underwent in h

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1. Christ has undertaken to save all such from what they fear, if they come to him. It is his professional business; the work in which he engaged before the foundation of the world. It is what he alwa

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The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians · John Chrysostom

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First, it is impossible to fulfill the requirements of the law and nonfulfillment lays us under a curse (Ver. 10.); Secondly, supposing the fulfilment possible, still the spirit of the Law is antagoni

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The Wisdom of God Displayed in the Way of Salvation · Jonathan Edwards

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2. To consider the substituting of this person in our room. After choosing the person to be our redeemer, the next step of divine wisdom is, to contrive the way how he should perform this work. If God

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In proper sequence we have now to consider all that relates to Christ's leaving the world. In the first place, His Passion; secondly, His death; thirdly, His burial; and, fourthly, His descent into he

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CHRIST RIGHTLY AND PROPERLY SAID TO HAVE MERITED GRACE AND SALVATION FOR US. The three leading divisions of this chapter are,—I. A proof from reason and from Scripture that the grace of God and the m

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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther

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Faith connects you so intimately with Christ, that He and you become as it were one person. As such you may boldly say: “I am now one with Christ. Therefore Christ’s righteousness, victory, and life a

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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther

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In civil life obedience to the law is severely required. In civil life Gospel, conscience, grace, remission of sins, Christ Himself, do not count, but only Moses with the lawbooks. If we bear in mind

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Commentary on Galatians · Martin Luther

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This passage furthermore declares that Christ’s purpose in coming was the abolition of the Law, not with the intention of laying down new laws, but “to redeem them that were under the law.” Christ him

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Galatians · Paul the Apostle

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Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us. For it is written, “Cursed is everyone who hangs on a tree,”

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Hebrews · Paul the Apostle

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But we see him who has been made a little lower than the angels, Jesus, because of the suffering of death crowned with glory and honor, that by the grace of God he should taste of death for everyone.

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6. If we read, "Cursed of God is every one that hangeth on a tree," the addition of the words "of God" creates no difficulty. For had not God hated sin and our death, He would not have sent His Son to

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The First Apology · Justin Martyr

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But that, having become man for our sakes, He endured to suffer and to be dishonoured, and that He shall come again with glory, hear the prophecies which relate to this; they are these: “Because they

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3. It was by the same things that Christ hath satisfied God’s justice, and also purchased eternal happiness. He did not make satisfaction by some things, and then work out righteousness by other diffe

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4. When we say, that grace was obtained for us by the merit of Christ, our meaning is, that we were cleansed by his blood, that his death was an expiation for sin, “His blood cleanses us from all sin.

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