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Virgin Birth

A child conceived not by human father but by the Spirit, born of a virgin mother

The Virgin Birth is the belief that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary without a human father. It is narrated in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke and confessed in the Apostles' Creed, which states that he was conceived by the Holy Spirit and born of the Virgin Mary. It expresses the conviction that Jesus' coming was God's own initiative, joining divine action and a true human birth.

How it traveled

  1. Matthew
    Antioch · 80
    explains
  2. Luke
    Rome · 84
    explains
  3. Dialogue with Trypho
    Rome · 165
    explains
  4. The First Apology
    Rome · 165
    explains
  5. Against Heresies: Book III
    Lyons · 202
    explains
  6. The Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew.
    · 220
    explains
  7. On the Flesh of Christ.
    · 220
    explains
  8. An Answer to the Jews.
    · 220
    explains
  9. The Gospel of the Nativity of Mary.
    · 220
    explains
  10. The Church History of Eusebius
    Caesarea · 339
    explains
  11. The Life of Constantine with Orations of Constantine and Eusebius
    Caesarea · 339
    explains
  12. Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh
    Edessa · 373
    explains
  13. The Incarnation of the Word
    Alexandria · 373
    explains
  14. Ephraim Syrus: Fifteen Hymns For the Feast of the Epiphany
    Edessa · 373
    explains
  15. The Catechetical Lectures of S. Cyril
    Jerusalem · 386
    explains
  16. Select Orations of Saint Gregory Nazianzen
    Nazianzus · 390
    explains
  17. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  18. The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. John
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  19. A Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles
    Constantinople (Istanbul) · 407
    explains
  20. A Commentary on the Apostles' Creed
    Aquileia · 411
    explains
  21. The Letters of St. Jerome
    Bethlehem · 420
    explains
  22. Jerome and Gennadius. Lives of Illustrious Men
    Bethlehem · 420
    explains
  23. The Perpetual Virginity of Blessed Mary
    Bethlehem · 420
    explains
  24. Against Jovinianus
    Bethlehem · 420
    explains
  25. Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. John
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  26. Reply to Faustus the Manichæan
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  27. Of Holy Virginity
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  28. Expositions on the Book of Psalms
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  29. Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  30. Letters of St. Augustin
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  31. City of God
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  32. The Enchiridion
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  33. The Harmony of the Gospels
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  34. On the Holy Trinity
    Hippo Regius · 430
    explains
  35. The Seven Books of John Cassian on the Incarnation of the Lord, Against Nestorius
    Marseille · 435
    explains
  36. The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of Theodoret
    Cyrrhus · 458
    explains
  37. The Letters and Sermons of Leo the Great
    Rome · 461
    explains
  38. John of Damascus: Exposition of the Orthodox Faith
    Damascus · 749
    explains
  39. Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)
    Paris · 1274
    explains
  40. A History of the Work of Redemption
    Northampton, Massachusetts · 1758
    explains

Key passages(20)

Sermon XXII. On the Feast of the Nativity, II. I. The mystery of the Incarnation demands our joy. Let us be glad in the Lord, dearly-beloved, and rejoice with spiritual joy that there has dawned fo

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Matthew · Matthew the Apostle

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Now the birth of Jesus Christ was like this; for after his mother, Mary, was engaged to Joseph, before they came together, she was found pregnant by the Holy Spirit.

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31. Let us remember these things, brethren: let us use these weapons in our defence. Let us not endure those heretics who teach Christ’s coming as a phantom. Let us abhor those also who say that the S

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We now have to consider the virginity of the Mother of God; concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether she was a virgin in conceiving? (2) Whether she was a virgin in His Birth?

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Objection 3: Further, those who are conceived of a woman contract a certain uncleanness: as it is written (Job 25:4): "Can man be justified compared with God? Or he that is born of a woman appear clea

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We shall now consider the active principle in Christ's conception: concerning which there are four points of inquiry: (1) Whether the Holy Ghost was the active principle of Christ's conception? (2)

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The Fifth Ecumenical Council. The Second Council of Constantinople · The Ecumenical Councils

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The Capitula of the Council. (Labbe and Cossart, Concilia, Tom. V., col. 568.) I. If anyone shall not confess that the nature or essence of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost is one, as

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The Fourth Ecumenical Council. The Council of Chalcedon · The Ecumenical Councils

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The Tome of St. Leo. (Labbe and Cossart, Concilia, Tom. IV., col. 343; also Migne, Pat. Lat., Tom. LIV. [Leo. M. Opera, Tom. I.] col. 756.) The translation here given is that of Rev. Wm. Bright. D.D

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§8. The Word, then, visited that earth in which He was yet always present ; and saw all these evils. He takes a body of our Nature, and that of a spotless Virgin, in whose womb He makes it His own, wh

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A Commentary on the Apostles' Creed · Rufinus of Aquileia

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11. These things, since they are asserted upon the warrant of the Prophetical Scriptures, may possibly silence the Jews, infidel and incredulous though they be. But the Pagans are wont to ridicule us

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A Commentary on the Apostles' Creed · Rufinus of Aquileia

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12. But they say, perhaps, If it was possible to God that a virgin should conceive, it was possible also that she should bring forth, but they think it unmeet that a being of so great majesty should e

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Who Was Born by (de) The Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary.” This nativity among men is in the way of dispensation, Corresponding to the Greek word Economy—the “arrangement” or “plan” by which the Word b

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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons

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1. Luke also, the follower and disciple of the apostles, referring to Zacharias and Elisabeth, from whom, according to promise, John was born, says: “And they were both righteous before God, walking i

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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons

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1. God, then, was made man, and the Lord did Himself save us, giving us the token of the Virgin. But not as some allege, among those now presuming to expound the Scripture, [thus:] “Behold, a young wo

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Chapter 7.—In What Sense the Followers of Manichæus Believe Him to Be the Holy Spirit. 8. Besides, you should explain how it is that, while the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are united in equality of

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Chapter IX.—Of the Prophecies of the Birth and Achievements of Christ. Begin we, therefore, to prove that the Birth e.g.,) foretells, “Hear ye, house of David; no petty contest have ye with men, sinc

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Dialogue with Trypho · Justin Martyr

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And Trypho answered, “The Scripture has not, ‘Behold, the virgin shall conceive, and bear a son,’ but, ‘Behold, the young woman shall conceive, and bear a son,’ and so on, as you quoted. But the whole

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Dialogue with Trypho · Justin Martyr

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“Moreover, the prophecy, ‘Behold, the virgin shall conceive, and bear a son,’ was uttered respecting Him. For if He to whom Isaiah referred was not to be begotten of a virgin, of whom

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Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh · Ephrem the Syrian

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Hymn X. In Thee will I begin to speak, Thou Head that didst begin all created things. Rev. iii. 14. Ps. lxxxi. 10. Heb. vi. 7. “All the chaste daughters of the Hebrews, The Virgin Mother here sp

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Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh · Ephrem the Syrian

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Hymn XI. (The Virgin Mother to Her Child.) I shall not be jealous, my Son, that Thou art with me, and also with all men. Be Thou God to him that confesses Thee, and be thou Lord to him that serves T

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