Reform Judaism
The movement founded in early 19th-century Germany — treats halacha as historically-conditioned and emphasizes ethical monotheism, prophetic ideals, and ongoing reformation.
The religious movement founded in early-19c. Germany (Abraham Geiger, Israel Jacobson) and developed in 19c. America (Isaac Mayer Wise, founder of Hebrew Union College 1875). Treats halacha as historically conditioned and non-binding; emphasizes ethical universalism; ordains women rabbis (since 1972) and openly LGBT rabbis. Defining institutional documents: Pittsburgh Platform (1885), Columbus Platform (1937), Centenary Perspective (1976), Pittsburgh Principles (1999).
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Reform Judaism is a 19th-century religious movement that views Jewish law as historically conditioned and non-binding, emphasizing ethical teachings and modern inclusion over strict halakhic observanc
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