Mind-Benders of Jewish History
A 14th-century Talmudist has a crater on the Moon
Levi ben Gershon (Gersonides, the Ralbag, 1288-1344) wrote Torah commentary and Talmudic works in Provence, but he was also an astronomer and mathematician who devised a sighting instrument later navigators called the "Jacob's staff." A lunar crater, Rabbi Levi, is named for him.
How we know
Gersonides b.1288 d.1344 (graph + Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). IAU lunar crater 'Rabbi Levi' named for Levi ben Gershom (the-moon.us; Gersonides Wikipedia). Jacob's staff (Baculus Jacobi / Megalle 'amuqqot) credited to him in the same sources.
One of many fact-checked wonders across eight traditions at The Spring of Wisdom.