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Wellsprings
Mind-Benders of Jewish History

The Roman aristocrat behind the Aramaic translation in every Chumash

The Talmud relates that Onkelos — author of the authoritative Aramaic translation of the Torah printed beside the parsha in nearly every Chumash — was a nephew of the Roman emperor himself, who converted to Judaism and became a student of Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Yehoshua.

How we know

Talmud, Gittin 56b and Avodah Zarah 11a: Onkelos the convert, nephew of the Roman emperor (Titus; per the Vilna Gaon, Hadrian), pupil of R. Eliezer and R. Yehoshua. Tannaitic era, c. 35–120 CE.

One of many fact-checked wonders across eight traditions at The Spring of Wisdom.