July 25

The emperor Constantius I died at Eboracum, modern York, while campaigning in the empire's northern British provinces.

On his father's death at York, the army acclaimed Constantine as emperor, opening the reign that would reshape the Roman world.

Rosalind Franklin, the X-ray crystallographer whose images were central to understanding the structure of DNA, was born in London.

Swami Ramdas, the devotional teacher of Ram-nama whose memoir 'In Quest of God' drew seekers worldwide, died at Anandashram in Kanhangad, Kerala, which he had founded.

Abdel Rahman Badawi, a prolific Egyptian philosopher who edited scores of Arabic philosophical manuscripts and wrote on existentialism, died at 85.