November 7

Jonathan Sacks, Britain's former Chief Rabbi and a widely read philosopher who worked to explain Judaism to a broad public, died in London.

Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal sovereign remembered chiefly for his melancholy Urdu ghazals, died in exile in Rangoon in 1862.

The American evangelist Billy Graham, known for large-scale preaching missions, was born on a farm near Charlotte, North Carolina.

Marie Curie, born Maria Sklodowska in Warsaw, pioneered the study of radioactivity and became the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different sciences.