November 13

Louis Brandeis, who in 1916 became the first Jewish justice of the United States Supreme Court, was born in Louisville, Kentucky.

Augustine, the theologian and Bishop of Hippo whose Confessions and City of God shaped Western thought, was born at Thagaste in Roman North Africa.

William Kennett Loftus, the explorer who in 1849 identified the ancient Sumerian city of Uruk beneath the mounds of Warka, was born on this day in 1820.

Swami Rama, founder of the Himalayan Institute and a figure who linked yogic discipline with modern science, died in the Himalayan foothills.

Near Lisieux in France, Paul Cornu briefly lifted his twin-rotor machine off the ground in what is widely cited as the first manned free flight of a helicopter.