Dinguiraye
Dinguiraye, in the Fouta Djallon highlands of present-day Guinea in West Africa, was the base from which the Tijani scholar and reformer al-Hajj Umar Tal (d. 1864) launched his jihad in the 1850s, building a fortified town there; the movement went on to create a large Tukulor empire across the upper Niger and Senegal region.