Oḍḍiyāna (Swat valley)

Oḍḍiyāna was an ancient region most commonly identified by scholars with the Swat valley of modern Pakistan, traditionally regarded as a cradle of Vajrayāna (tantric) Buddhism and the Dzogchen teachings. In the Tibetan tradition it is the homeland of Padmasambhava, said to have been miraculously 'lotus-born' there; the precise location of Oḍḍiyāna is debated.