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Pope Gregory XII

Pope Gregory XII

1326 CE–1417 CE · Venice

Born Angelo Correr in Venice, Gregory XII was the last Roman-line pope of the Western Schism and a figure of singular significance for its resolution. Elected on a pledge to abdicate if his Avignon rival would do likewise, he repeatedly delayed, and cardinals from both obediences convened the Council of Pisa, which deposed both and elected a third claimant, deepening the crisis. The Council of Constance finally untangled it: in 1415 Gregory voluntarily resigned and formally convoked the council, validating its authority. His abdication—the last papal resignation until 2013—cleared the path for the unifying election of Martin V.

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Stop 0 of 31326Born

VeniceויניציאהItaly

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About Venice

# Venice In the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, Venice was the jewel of Mediterranean trade—a maritime republic whose merchant galleys connected Europe to the Ottoman Empire and beyond, ruled by an oligarchy of patrician families whose power rested on commerce and naval supremacy. The city rose from its lagoon like a dream of marble and water, its canals lined with warehouses bulging with spices, silks, and precious goods, while the great Basilica of San Marco dominated the skyline as a symbol of Venetian pride and wealth. Jews had been permitted to settle in Venice for centuries, drawn by its role as a crossroads of Christian and Muslim worlds; by the fifteenth century, the community was small but prosperous, composed largely of merchants, physicians, and moneylenders who lived under carefully negotiated restrictions and periodic renewals of their charter. Though forbidden from owning property in most of the city, Venetian Jews occupied a precarious but culturally fertile space, their status as trusted intermediaries in international trade granting them a unique visibility and protection. The Jewish scholars who gathered in Venice during these decades found in the city not only safety but access to the vast networks of information and texts flowing through its ports—a place where Hebrew learning could flourish alongside the hum of commerce, and where a Jewish sage might sit in study while the bells of San Marco rang across the water.

In Venice at the same time

Pope Eugene IV, Pope Paul II

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In the same place & time

Sages whose lives overlapped with Pope Gregory XII’s in the same cities, drawn from their recorded journeys.

The world in their lifetime

Thinkers, teachers, and rulers whose lives overlapped with Pope Gregory XII’s — a glimpse of the wider world they lived in. Drawn purely from recorded birth and death years.

Christian world

Works

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