Recapitulation
Christ gathering up all humanity in himself, undoing Adam's fall step by step
Recapitulation is the teaching, set out by Irenaeus in Against Heresies, that Christ sums up and restores all humanity in himself, reversing Adam's fall stage by stage. As the new Adam, the Son retraces and heals what was lost, so that what was broken in the first man is set right in him. The idea joins the work of the Incarnation to the renewal and salvation of the human race.
How it traveled
- Against Heresies: Book VLyons · c. 202 CEexplains
- Against Heresies: Book IIILyons · c. 202 CEexplains
- Fragments from the Lost Writings of IrenæusLyons · c. 202 CEexplains
- Ephraim Syrus: The Nisibene HymnsEdessa · c. 373 CEexplains
- Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the FleshEdessa · c. 373 CEexplains
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Epistle to the HebrewsConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEexplains
- The Homilies of St. John ChrysostomConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEexplains
- The Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on the Gospel of St. JohnConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEexplains
- A Commentary on the Acts of the ApostlesConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEapplies
- The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and EphesiansConstantinople (Istanbul) · c. 407 CEexplains
- Expositions on the Book of PsalmsHippo Regius · c. 430 CEexplains
- Lectures or Tractates on the Gospel According to St. JohnHippo Regius · c. 430 CEexplains
- The EnchiridionHippo Regius · c. 430 CEexplains
- The Ecclesiastical History, Dialogues, and Letters of TheodoretCyrrhus · c. 458 CEexplains
- Treatise on the Incarnation (qq[1]-59)Paris · c. 1274 CEexplains
Key passages(20)
Each passage is tagged by what it does with the idea: explains it, applies it in practice, redefines it with a new meaning, or challenges it. Relevance shows how directly the passage is about this idea.
Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. He has therefore, in His work of recapitulation, summed up all things, both waging war against our enemy, and crushing him who had at the beginning led us away captives in Adam, and trampled upon h
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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. It was necessary, therefore, that the Lord, coming to the lost sheep, and making recapitulation of so comprehensive a dispensation, and seeking after His own handiwork, should save that very man wh
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. That the Lord then was manifestly coming to His own things, and was sustaining them by means of that creation which is supported by Himself, and was making a recapitulation of that disobedience whi
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. In the previous books I have set forth the causes for which God permitted these things to be made, and have pointed out that all such have been created for the benefit of that human nature which is
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to an administration of the fullness of the times, to sum up all things in Christ, the things in the heavens, and the things on the earth, in him;
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The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians · John Chrysostom
[“This illustration has been again employed by Harless whose view of this passage is that the apostle speaks thus: ‘The Lord and Creator of the whole body of which heaven and earth are members, has in
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Against Heresies: Book III · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. Those, therefore, who allege that He took nothing from the Virgin do greatly err, [since,] in order that they may cast away the inheritance of the flesh, they also reject the analogy [between Him a
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. He had indeed been already accustomed to lie against God, for the purpose of leading men astray. For at the beginning, when God had given to man a variety of things for food, while He commanded him
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The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians · John Chrysostom
That is to say, Making us wise and prudent, in that which is true wisdom, and that which is true prudence. Strange! what friendship! For He telleth us His secrets; the mysteries, saith he, of His will
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. And inasmuch as the apostle has not pronounced against the very substance of flesh and blood, that it cannot inherit the kingdom of God, the same apostle has everywhere adopted the term “flesh and
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Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh · Ephrem the Syrian
Hymn V. At the birth of the Son, there was a great shouting in Bethlehem; for the Angels came down, and gave praise there. Their voices were a great thunder: at that voice of praise the silent ones c
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Expositions on the Book of Psalms · Augustine of Hippo
19. “God, Thy God, hath anointed Thee.” We have been speaking of God, who was “anointed;” i.e. of Christ. The name of Christ could not be more clearly expressed than by His being called “God the Anoin
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Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenæus · Irenaeus of Lyons
Expounding again the law to that generation which followed those who were slain in the wilderness, he published Deuteronomy; not as giving to them a different law from that which had been appointed fo
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On Luke x. 22. (Illud Omnia, &c.) · Athanasius of Alexandria
§2. Sense in which, and end for which all things were delivered to the Incarnate Son. For whereas man sinned, and is fallen, and by his fall all things are in confusion: death prevailed from Adam to
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The Commentary and Homilies of St. John Chrysostom on Galatians and Ephesians · John Chrysostom
Moral. Let not any one of them that eat this Passover look towards Egypt, but towards Heaven, towards “Jerusalem that is above.” (Gal. iv. 26.) On this account thou eatest with thy loins girded, on th
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The Enchiridion · Augustine of Hippo
Chapter 62.—By the Sacrifice of Christ All Things are Restored, and Peace is Made Between Earth and Heaven. And, of course, the holy angels, taught by God, in the eternal contemplation of whose truth
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. For in no other way could we have learned the things of God, unless our Master, existing as the Word, had become man. For no other being had the power of revealing to us the things of the Father, e
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Against Heresies: Book V · Irenaeus of Lyons
1. Now all these [heretics] are of much later date than the bishops to whom the apostles committed the Churches; which fact I have in the third book taken all pains to demonstrate. It follows, then, a
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Ephraim Syrus: Nineteen Hymns on the Nativity of Christ in the Flesh · Ephrem the Syrian
Hymn XIX. (Resp.—Blessed be thy Birth that gladdens all creatures!) 1. The first year wherein, our Saviour was born,—is source of blessing, and ground of life;—for by it are borne,—manifold triumphs
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Epistles on the Arian Heresy and the Deposition of Arius. · Alexander of Alexandria
VI.—The Addition in the Codex, with a Various Reading. God, therefore, wishing to visit His own form which He had fashioned after His own image and similitude, hath in these last times sent into the
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