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hindu-cosmosWe're still mapping where this idea was first discussed. Key passages and related ideas below.

Tattva 32 — Space (Ākāśa)

Space itself: the subtlest great element, the open room in which all things exist.

Ākāśa is the gross element of space (or 'ether') — the first and subtlest of the five great elements that make up the physical world. It is the all-pervading openness in which everything else has room to be, and the medium that carries sound. As the most rarefied of the elements, it stands at the top of the material world, unfolding from the subtle element of sound.

Key passages(10)

Tarka-saṃgraha · Annaṃbhaṭṭa

Very high

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Very high

'Ether (or space) is better than fire. For in the ether exist both sun and moon, the lightning, stars, and fire (agni). Through the ether we call, through the ether we hear, through the ether we answe

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Tantrasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Vaiśeṣika-sūtra · Kaṇāda

High

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Yagnavalkya said: 'That of which they say that it is above the heavens, beneath the earth, embracing heaven and earth, past, present, and future, that is woven, like warp and woof, in the ether.' Garg

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Paramārthasāra · Abhinavagupta

High

Praśna Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

He replied: "The ether is that god, the wind, fire, water, earth, speech, mind, eye, and ear. These, when they have manifested (their power), contend and say: We (each of us) support this body and kee

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Vijñāna-bhairava · Anonymous (Bhairava Āgama / Tantra)

High

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

Moderate

Bhumi (earth), Ap (water), Anala (fire), Vâyu (air), Kha (ether), mind, intellect, and egoism: thus is My Prakriti divided eight-fold.

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Praśna Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

The earth and its subtile elements, the water and its subtile elements, the light and its subtile elements, the air and its subtile elements, the ether and its subtile elements; the eye and what can b

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