Apotheosis / The Divine Man
The moment a mortal crosses into the divine — the hero Heracles ascending from his pyre, or a Roman emperor voted a god by the Senate.
Apotheosis is the raising of a human being to divine rank. In Greek myth it was reserved for a handful of great heroes, like Heracles and the Dioscuri, who earned a place among the gods. From the late 4th century BCE, Hellenistic kings — starting with Alexander's successors — claimed divine honors while still alive, and Rome turned the idea into formal state ritual, consecrating dead emperors as 'divi' beginning with Julius Caesar and Augustus. Philosophers turned the theme inward, treating the sage's likeness to god as a spiritual rather than literal deification. The concept mattered because it defined the porous boundary between human and divine that later monotheisms would sharply police.
How it traveled
- OdysseyIos · -700explains
- HistoriesThurii (Magna Graecia) · -425explains
- HelenAthens · -370explains
- de Natura DeorumFormiae · -43explains
- Ab urbe conditaPadua · -27explains
- AeneidRome · -19explains
- MetamorphosesTomis (Constanța) · 8explains
- EpistulaeTomis (Constanța) · 17explains
- GeographyAmaseia · 24explains
- RomulusChaeronea · 120explains
- AlexanderChaeronea · 120explains
- DemetriusChaeronea · 120explains
- De Iside et OsirideChaeronea · 120explains
- Divus AugustusRome · 122explains
- Civil WarsAlexandria · 165explains
- Description of Greece— · 180explains
- Dialogi mortuorumSamosata · 180explains
- De Morte PeregriniSamosata · 180explains
- Dialogi deorumSamosata · 180explains
- Deorum conciliumSamosata · 180explains
- AlexanderSamosata · 180explains
- DeipnosophistaeNaucratis · 230explains
- Vitae philosophorum— · 240explains
- Res GestaeRome · 400explains
- Midrash TanchumaTiberias · 600
- Yalkut Shimoni on NachTiberias · 1250
- Historical LibrarySyracuse (Sicily)explains
- Historia RomanaRomeexplains
- Ἀλεξάνδρου ἈνάβασιςNicomediaexplains
- Legatio Ad Gaium—explains
- Library—explains
- Praeparatio Evangelica—explains
- Historia Ecclesiastica—explains
- OdesRomeexplains
- Contra Celsum—explains
- Jewish Antiquities—explains
- Stromata—explains
- Historiarum Alexandri MagniRomeexplains
- Apocolocyntosis—explains
- Hymn 2 to Demeter—explains
Key passages(20)
When Anaxarchus had uttered these remarks and others of a similar kind, those who were privy to the plan applauded his speech, and wished at once to begin the ceremony of prostration. Most of the Mace
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Gaius was praised for this, partly out of fear and partly with sincerity, and when some called him a demigod and others a god, he fairly lost his head. Indeed, even before this he had been demanding t
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Historical Library · Diodorus Siculus
These men, therefore, performed the offerings to the dead as to a hero, and after throwing up a great mound of earth returned to Trachis. Following their example Menoetius, the son of Actor and a frie
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Historical Library · Diodorus Siculus
We should add to what has been said about Heracles, that after his apotheosis Zeus persuaded Hera to adopt him as her son and henceforth for all time to cherish him with a mother's love, and this adop
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Dialogi mortuorum · Lucian of Samosata
ALEXANDER Don’t you praise me for my adventurous spirit, father, and for being first man to leap into the fort of the Oxydracae, and for receiving so many wounds? PHILIP I don’t. Not that I think it’s
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The merit of Aeneas now had moved the gods. Even Juno stayed her lasting hate, when, with the state of young Iulus safe, the hero son of Cytherea was prepared for heaven. In a council of the gods Venu
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At Proca's death unjust Amulius seized with his troops the whole Ausonian wealth. And yet old Numitor, obtaining aid from his two grandsons, won the land again which he had lost; and on the festival o
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Apollo's son came to us from abroad, but Caesar is a god in his own land. The first in war and peace, he rose by wars, which closed in triumphs, and by civic deeds to glory quickly won, and even more
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There was no limit to his misery; raising both hands up towards the stars of heaven, he cried, “Come Juno, feast upon my death; feast on me, cruel one, look down from your exalted seat; behold my drea
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during which the multitude dispersed and fled, but the nobles gathered closely together; and when the storm had ceased, and the sun shone out, and the multitude, now gathered together again in the sam
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He himself, then, affrighted at the sight, had said: O King, what possessed thee, or what purpose hadst thou, that thou hast left us patricians a prey to unjust and wicked accusations, and the whole c
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We must not, therefore, violate nature by sending the bodies of good men with their souls to heaven, but implicitly believe that their virtues and their souls, in accordance with nature and divine jus
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Scholia in Pindarum Nemean Odes · Scholia in Pindarum
Apocolocyntosis · Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
Then arose the blessed Augustus, when his turn came, and spoke with much eloquence. I call you to witness, my lords and gentlemen, said he, " that since the day I was made a god I have never uttered o
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Apocolocyntosis · Seneca, Lucius Annaeus
At last it came into Jove's head, that while strangers were in the House it was not lawful to speak or debate. My lords and gentlemen, said he, I gave you leave to ask questions, and you have made a r
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Thus far we have spoken of him as a prince. What remains to be said of him, bespeaks him rather a monster than a man. He assumed a variety of titles, such as "Dutiful," "The Pious," "Child of the Camp
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He died in the fifty-sixth year of his age, and was ranked amongst the Gods, not only by a formal decree, but in the belief of the vulgar. For during the first games which Augustus, his heir, consecra
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Finally, after all the neighbouring lands had been brought under his rule, by force, by regard for justice, or by fear, and he had filled Persia with cities, with fortified camps, and with strongholds
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