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hindu-liberationWe're still mapping where this idea was first discussed. Key passages and related ideas below.

Austerity / Ascetic Heat (Tapas)

The 'heat' of austerity — voluntary hardship that burns away impurity and forges spiritual power.

Tapas literally means 'heat,' and it names the disciplined austerity by which a seeker burns away impurity and concentrates inner power. From the earliest Vedic hymns — where the cosmos itself is brooded into being through tapas — to the yogic observances, the principle is constant: voluntarily borne hardship, fasting, vigil, and self-restraint forge a refined and potent will. It is one of Patañjali's observances and a thread running through the whole ascetic side of the tradition.

Key passages(20)

Bhagavad-gītā · Vyāsa (Yoga-bhāṣya commentator)

Very high

This threefold austerity practised by steadfast men, with great Shraddhâ, desiring no fruit, is said to be Sâttvika.

Tap to expand

Yoga-sūtra · Patañjali

High

Haṭhayoga-pradīpikā · Svātmārāma

High

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

He desired to sacrifice again with a greater sacrifice. He toiled and performed penance. And while he toiled and performed penance, glorious power went out of him. Verily glorious power means the sen

Tap to expand

Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Gheraṇḍa-saṃhitā · (attributed to Gheraṇḍa)

High

Praśna Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

That Rishi said to them: "Stay here a year longer, with penance, abstinence, and faith; then you may ask questions according to your pleasure, and if we know them, we shall tell you all."

Tap to expand

Praśna Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

He replied: "Pragâpati (the lord of creatures) was desirous of creatures (pragâh). He performed penance, and having performed penance, he produces a pair, matter (rayi) and spirit (prâna), thinking th

Tap to expand

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

Those very hymns of the Atharvângiras (as bees) brooded over the Itihâsa-purâna; and from it, thus brooded on, sprang as its (nectar) essence, fame, glory of countenance, vigour, strength, and health.

Tap to expand

Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

As oil in seeds, as butter in cream, as water in (dry) river-beds , as fire in wood, so is the Self seized within the self, if man looks for him by truthfulness and penance ;

Tap to expand

Vivekacūḍāmaṇi · Śaṅkara (traditionally ascribed; authorship doubted)

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Aṣṭāvakra-gītā · Aṣṭāvakra

High

Chāndogya Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

High

What people call sacrifice (yagña), that is really abstinence (brahmakarya). For he who knows, obtains that (world of Brahman, which others obtain by sacrifice), by means of abstinence. What people

Tap to expand

Kaṭha Upaniṣad · Vedic Revelation (śruti)

Moderate

He who (knows) him who was born first from the brooding heat (for he was born before the water), who, entering into the heart, abides therein, and was perceived from the elements. This is that.

Tap to expand

Gheraṇḍa-saṃhitā · (attributed to Gheraṇḍa)

Moderate

Gītārtha-saṃgraha · Yāmunācārya (Ālavandār)

Moderate

Paramārthasāra · Abhinavagupta

Moderate

Tantrasāra · Abhinavagupta

Moderate