Darkhei Mosheדרכי משה
Krakow (Cracow) · 1570
1530 CE–1572 CE · AH · Krakow (Cracow)
The Rema of Krakow, 16th-century halakhic authority whose glosses on the Shulchan Aruch made it the universal code for both Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jewry. Joseph Karo wrote the Shulchan Aruch from a Sephardic perspective; the Rema added the Mappah, recording Ashkenazic custom — together they form the foundational halakhic compendium of the past five centuries.
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Received semicha (ordination) at age 13 and studied in the yeshiva of Rabbi Shalom Shachna of Lublin, who later became his father-in-law.
Lublin in the sixteenth through nineteenth centuries was a thriving stronghold of Polish-Jewish learning, governed first by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and later incorporated into Congress Poland under Russian rule. The city's Jewish community grew prosperous through commerce and craft guilds, earning Lublin renown as a major center of Torah study and halakhic authority. The Maharshal (Rabbi Solomon Luria) established a powerful yeshiva there in the late 1500s, and centuries later the Chozeh of Lublin became the spiritual heart of Hasidic Lublin, drawing thousands of devotees who sought his mystical interpretations and guidance. Despite catastrophic losses during the Chmielnicki massacres of 1648, the community rebuilt itself with remarkable vigor. The great study halls of Lublin—packed with young men debating Talmudic complexities by candlelight—became legendary across Eastern Europe. By the eighteenth century, Lublin had become a crossroads where rigorous Lithuanian rationalism in learning met the fervent emotional spirituality of the Hasidic movement, making it a microcosm of the crucial intellectual tensions reshaping Jewish life.
Major Polish-Jewish center; home of R. Tzadok HaKohen of Lublin.
Krakow (Cracow) · 1570