Antoninus Pius
c. 86 CE–c. 161 CE · Lanuvium
Nerva-Antonine emperor (r. 138-161 CE), the fourth of the "Five Good Emperors," whose long, peaceful reign was marked by administrative and fiscal stability. In the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt he eased Hadrian's measures against the Jews, issuing a rescript (preserved in Roman law via Modestinus) that permitted Jews to circumcise their own sons while still forbidding the circumcision of converts and non-Jews. A later Jewish tradition recalls a friendly "Antoninus and Rabbi [Yehuda ha-Nasi]" dialogue in the Talmud, but this is a rabbinic legend whose imperial "Antoninus" is unidentified; Antoninus Pius is only one of several proposed candidates, with Marcus Aurelius and Caracalla generally regarded as chronologically more likely.
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