The Dichotomy of Control
Some things are up to us and some are not — and peace begins with knowing the difference.
The dichotomy of control is the Stoic teaching that our own judgments, desires, and choices are 'up to us' (eph' hēmin), while externals — health, reputation, wealth, the actions of others — are not, so we should invest our concern only in what we can govern. It is the opening lesson of the Enchiridion by Epictetus, a 1st–2nd century CE freed slave turned teacher, and the practical heart of Stoic serenity. The idea still echoes today in cognitive therapy and the 'serenity prayer.'
How it traveled
- Eudemian EthicsChalcis · -322explains
- Nicomachean EthicsChalcis · -322explains
- DiscoursesNicopolis · 108explains
- FragmentsNicopolis · 135explains
- The HandbookNicopolis · 135explains
- Ad Se IpsumVindobona (Vienna) · 170explains
- BerakhotSura (Babylonia) · 500
- KiddushinSura (Babylonia) · 500
- ShabbatSura (Babylonia) · 500
- Midrash TanchumaTiberias · 600
- Midrash Tanchuma BuberTiberias · 600
- Duties of the HeartZaragoza (Saragossa) · 1080
- Yalkut Shimoni on TorahTiberias · 1250
- Yalkut Shimoni on NachTiberias · 1250
- ZoharGuadalajara · 1280
- Sefer HaIkkarimSoria · 1425
- Abarbanel on TorahNaples · 1505
- Ketem Paz on ZoharTzfat · 1561
- Reshit ChokhmahTzfat · 1575
- Ohr HaChammah on ZoharTzfat · 1620
- Mikdash Melekh, RaMaZ Commentary on ZoharTzfat · 1680
- Mesillat YesharimAmsterdam · 1738
- TanyaLiadi · 1797
- Likutei MoharanBreslov (Ukraine) · 1802
- Maor VaShemeshKrakow (Cracow) · 1817
- Likutei HalakhotBreslov (Ukraine) · 1840
- Malbim on JobBucharest · 1860
- Malbim on GenesisBucharest · 1860
- Malbim on PsalmsBucharest · 1860
- Malbim on IsaiahBucharest · 1860
- Malbim on DeuteronomyBucharest · 1860
- Torah Temimah on TorahPinsk · 1904
- Epistulae—explains
- Fragmenta Logica et PhysicaAthensexplains
- Historia RomanaRomeexplains
- De fatoAthensexplains
- Quod Omnis Probus Liber Sit—explains
- Fragmenta MoraliaAthensexplains
- De Constantia—explains
- Praeparatio Evangelica—explains
Key passages(20)
OF things some are in our power, and others are not. In our power are opinion (ὑπόληψις), movement towards a thing (ὁρμή), desire, aversion (ἔκκλισις, turning from a thing); and in a word, whatever ar
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Of the things which are in our power, and not in our power. OF all the faculties (except that which I shall soon mention), you will find not one which is capable of contemplating itself, and, conseque
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That confidence (courage) is not inconsistent with caution. THE opinion of the philosophers perhaps seems to some to be a paradox; but still let us examine as well as we can, if it is true that it is
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How magnanimity is consistent with care. THINGS themselves (materials) are indifferent; but the use of them is not indifferent. How then shall a man preserve firmness and tranquillity, and at the same
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Of contentment. WITH respect to gods, there are some who say that a divine being does not exist: others say that it exists, but is inactive and careless, and takes no forethought about any thing; a th
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Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Fragmenta Logica et Physica · Chrysippus
Vitae philosophorum · Diogenes Laertius
For in matters which are for us to decide we shall neither choose this nor shrink from that; and things which are not for us to decide but happen of necessity, such as hunger, thirst and pain, we cann
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Of natural affection. WHEN he was visited by one of the magistrates, Epictetus inquired of him about several particulars, and asked if he had children and a wife. The man replied that he had; and Epic
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