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greek-ethicsfeatured in 40 works

Practical Wisdom

The skill of seeing the right thing to do here and now — the master-virtue that steers all the others.

Practical wisdom (phronēsis) is Aristotle's name (4th c. BCE) for the intelligence that grasps what is good for human life and how to achieve it in concrete situations. Unlike abstract knowledge, it is the deliberative excellence that lets a person hit the right action at the right time, and Aristotle made it inseparable from genuine moral virtue. Revived in modern virtue ethics, it remains central to debates about judgment, expertise, and good decision-making.

How it traveled

  1. Memorabilia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  2. Cyropaedia
    Athens · -354
    explains
  3. Nicomachean Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  4. Eudemian Ethics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  5. Histories
    Megalopolis · -118
    explains
  6. Institutio Oratoria
    Rome · 95
    explains
  7. Discourses
    Nicopolis · 108
    explains
  8. Ad Se Ipsum
    Vindobona (Vienna) · 170
    explains
  9. Avot DeRabbi Natan
    Yavneh · 220
  10. Vitae philosophorum
    · 240
    explains
  11. Berakhot
    Sura (Babylonia) · 500
  12. Midrash Tanchuma Buber
    Tiberias · 600
  13. Midrash Mishlei
    Eretz Yisrael (travels) · 750
  14. Mivchar HaPeninim
    Granada · 950
  15. Duties of the Heart
    Zaragoza (Saragossa) · 1080
  16. Guide for the Perplexed
    Cairo · 1190
  17. Yalkut Shimoni on Nach
    Tiberias · 1250
  18. Yalkut Shimoni on Torah
    Tiberias · 1250
  19. Sha'arei Teshuvah
    Girona · 1260
  20. Sefer HaIkkarim
    Soria · 1425
  21. Akeidat Yitzchak
    Tarragona · 1490
  22. Abarbanel on Torah
    Naples · 1505
  23. Avodat HaKodesh (Ibn Gabbai)
    Cairo · 1523
  24. Reshit Chokhmah
    Tzfat · 1575
  25. Ohr HaChammah on Zohar
    Tzfat · 1620
  26. Mesillat Yesharim
    Amsterdam · 1738
  27. Likutei Moharan
    Breslov (Ukraine) · 1802
  28. Maor VaShemesh
    Krakow (Cracow) · 1817
  29. Sha'arei Avodah
    Strashelye · 1820
  30. Likutei Halakhot
    Breslov (Ukraine) · 1840
  31. Malbim on Proverbs
    Bucharest · 1860
  32. Malbim on Psalms
    Bucharest · 1860
  33. Malbim on Genesis
    Bucharest · 1860
  34. Malbim on I Samuel
    Bucharest · 1860
  35. Malbim on Isaiah
    Bucharest · 1860
  36. Malbim on Job
    Bucharest · 1860
  37. Torah Temimah on Torah
    Pinsk · 1904
  38. Historia Romana
    Rome
    explains
  39. Historical Library
    Syracuse (Sicily)
    explains
  40. Legum Allegoriarum Libri I-III
    explains

Key passages(20)

Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

Very high

וְיֵשׁ בֵּין כָּל דֵּעָה וְדֵעָה הָרְחוֹקָה מִמֶּנָּה בַּקָּצֶה הָאַחֵר דֵּעוֹת בֵּינוֹנִיּוֹת זוֹ רְחוֹקָה מִזּוֹ. וְכָל הַדֵּעוֹת יֵשׁ מֵהֶן דֵּעוֹת שֶׁהֵן לָאָדָם מִתְּחִלַּת בְּרִיָּתוֹ לְפִי טֶבַ

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Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

Very high

הַדֶּרֶךְ הַיְשָׁרָה הִיא מִדָּה בֵּינוֹנִית שֶׁבְּכָל דֵּעָה וְדֵעָה מִכָּל הַדֵּעוֹת שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ לָאָדָם. וְהִיא הַדֵּעָה שֶׁהִיא רְחוֹקָה מִשְּׁתֵּי הַקְּצָווֹת רִחוּק שָׁוֶה וְאֵינָהּ קְרוֹבָה לֹ

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Mishneh Torah, Human Dispositions · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

Very high

וּמִי שֶׁהוּא מְדַקְדֵּק עַל עַצְמוֹ בְּיוֹתֵר וְיִתְרַחֵק מִדֵּעָה בֵּינוֹנִית מְעַט לְצַד זֶה אוֹ לְצַד זֶה נִקְרָא חָסִיד. כֵּיצַד. מִי שֶׁיִּתְרַחֵק מִגֹּבַהּ הַלֵּב עַד הַקָּצֶה הָאַחֲרוֹן וְיִהְ

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De anima libri mantissa · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

Very high

In Ethica Nicomachea Paraphrasis (Pseudepigraphum Olim A Constantino Palaeocappa confectum et olim sub auctore Heliodoro Prusensi vel Andronico Rhodio vel Olympiodoro) · Anonymi In Aristotelis Ethica Nicomachea

Very high

Magna Moralia · Aristotle

Very high

Magna Moralia · Aristotle

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Magna Moralia · Aristotle

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Magna Moralia · Aristotle

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Magna Moralia · Aristotle

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Magna Moralia · Aristotle

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Magna Moralia · Aristotle

Very high

Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

Moreover, Prudence is intimately connected with Moral Virtue, and this with Prudence, inasmuch as the first Principles which Prudence employs are determined by the Moral Virtues, and the right standar

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Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

For Understanding does not deal with the things that exist for ever and are immutable, nor yet with all of the things that come into existence, but with those about which one may be in doubt and may d

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Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

Thus Understanding does not mean either the possession or the acquisition of Prudence; but when we employ the faculty of Opinion to judge what another person says about matters that are in the sphere

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Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

All these qualities, it is reasonable to say, refer to the same thing; indeed we attribute Considerateness, Understanding, Prudence, and Intelligence to the same persons when we say of people that the

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Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

Now this faculty is not identical with Prudence, but Prudence implies it. But that eye of the soul of which we spoke cannot acquire the quality of Prudence without possessing Virtue. This we have said

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Nicomachean Ethics · Aristotle

Very high

First then let us assert that Wisdom and Prudence, being as they are the virtues of the two parts of the intellect respectively, are necessarily desirable in themselves, even if neither produces any e

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