The Syllogism
Aristotle's engine of valid reasoning: from two granted premises, a conclusion follows of necessity — the first formal logic in history.
The syllogism is Aristotle's (4th c. BCE) form of deductive argument, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from two premises that share a middle term — as in 'All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore Socrates is mortal.' In the 'Prior Analytics,' Aristotle sorted valid argument-forms by figure and mood, creating the first formal system of logic. His syllogistic ruled Western and Arabic logic for some two thousand years, taught as the core of reasoning until the 19th-century rise of modern symbolic logic broadened the field.
How it traveled
- RhetoricChalcis · -335explains
- Analytica prioraChalcis · -322explains
- TopicaChalcis · -322explains
- De sophisticis elenchisChalcis · -322explains
- MetaphysicsChalcis · -322explains
- De InventioneFormiae · -84explains
- Institutio OratoriaRome · 95explains
- DiscoursesNicopolis · 108explains
- Noctes AtticaeRome · 180explains
- Adversus MathematicosAlexandria · 190explains
- Pyrrhoniae HypotyposesAlexandria · 210explains
- Vitae philosophorum— · 240explains
- Mekhilta DeRabbi YishmaelEretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
- Sifrei DevarimEretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
- Sifrei BamidbarEretz Yisrael (travels) · 250
- Jerusalem Talmud PesachimTiberias · 400
- Jerusalem Talmud KiddushinTiberias · 400
- Jerusalem Talmud SotahTiberias · 400
- Jerusalem Talmud YevamotTiberias · 400
- ZevachimSura (Babylonia) · 500
- Bava KammaSura (Babylonia) · 500
- NazirSura (Babylonia) · 500
- ChullinSura (Babylonia) · 500
- PesachimSura (Babylonia) · 500
- SanhedrinSura (Babylonia) · 500
- Bava MetziaSura (Babylonia) · 500
- YevamotSura (Babylonia) · 500
- Yalkut Shimoni on TorahTiberias · 1250
- Malbim on LeviticusBucharest · 1860
- Commentary on Sefer Hamitzvot of RasagLviv (Lemberg) · 1914
- In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I CommentariumAthensexplains
- In Aristotelis analytica priora [Sp.]—explains
- In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Commentarius [Sp.]—explains
- Fragmenta Logica et PhysicaAthensexplains
- In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I CommentariumAlexandriaexplains
- Anonymi In Analyticorum Posteriorum Librum Alterum Commentarium—explains
- In Aristotelis Sophisticos Elenchos Paraphrasis—explains
- Institutio logica [attributed]Romeexplains
- Suidae lexicon—explains
- In Aristotelis artem rhetoricam commentarium—explains
Key passages(20)
(יב) אָמַר הֶחָבֵר: יִתְבָּאֵר מְצִיאוּת הַנֶּפֶשׁ בִּתְנוּעוֹת וְהַרְגָּשׁוֹת לַחַיִּים, שׁוֹנוֹת מִן הַתְּנוּעוֹת הַיְסוֹדִיּוֹת, וְנִקְרֵאת סִבָּתָם נֶפֶשׁ אוֹ כֹחַ נַפְשִׁי. וְיִתְחַלְּקוּ הַכֹּחו
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Sefer HaIkkarim · Rabbi Yosef Albo · 1425 CE
ואל הטענה השנית אמרו שלא יתחייב גם כן שמה שלא היה נודע לא יהיה נודע לעולם. כי כבר יודע על ידי הקש, אלא שקודם ההקש היה הדבר ידוע בכח בהקדמות, ועל ידי ההקש שב ידוע בפעל, ושהשכל יגזור שהגעת הידיעה על דרך
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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
*תוכן כוונתו, הנה ידוע כי לכל הקש שכלי משאי יצטרכו שתי הקדמות אשר מהן תצא התולדה, המשל בזה, התולדה "כל אדם מרגיש" יוצאת משתי הקדמות, האחת. "כל אדם חי" והשנית "כל חי מרגיש" ונמשך מזה, כי "כל אדם מרגיש,
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In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias
In Aristotelis Analyticorum Priorum Librum I Commentarium · Alexander of Aphrodisias