Shapur II
309 CE–379 CE · Ctesiphon
Shapur II was king of the Sasanian Empire of Persia from 309 to 379, traditionally said to have been crowned in infancy, and his roughly seventy-year reign was the longest in Sasanian history. He fought two protracted wars against the Roman Empire, recovering Armenia and Mesopotamia and, after the death of the emperor Julian on campaign in 363, imposing a favorable peace. He strengthened Zoroastrianism as the state religion and, from the later 330s, subjected the empire's Christians to periods of severe persecution, partly out of suspicion of their ties to Christian Rome. Under his rule the Sasanian state reached a new height of power and stability.
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