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greek-cosmologyfeatured in 40 works

Generation & Corruption

Aristotle's account, in On Generation and Corruption, of how substances come to be and pass away — as against mere alteration.

"Generation and corruption" (Greek genesis kai phthora) means the genuine coming-to-be and passing-away of substances themselves — not merely a change in their size, place, or color. Aristotle (4th c. BCE) devoted an entire treatise to it, On Generation and Corruption, explaining such change through matter, form, and the way the four elements transform into one another. His framework ruled natural philosophy for nearly two thousand years, and Arabic and Latin scholars absorbed and argued over it for centuries.

How it traveled

  1. Timaeus
    Athens · -360
    explains
  2. Metaphysics
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  3. De Generatione Animalium
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  4. Historia animalium
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  5. Physica
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  6. De generatione et corruptione
    Chalcis · -322
    explains
  7. On the Causes of Plants
    Athens · -287
    explains
  8. De Rerum Natura
    Rome · -55
    explains
  9. Ad Se Ipsum
    Vindobona (Vienna) · 170
    explains
  10. Adversus Mathematicos
    Alexandria · 190
    explains
  11. Pyrrhoniae Hypotyposes
    Alexandria · 210
    explains
  12. Vitae philosophorum
    · 240
    explains
  13. Enneades
    Rome · 270
    explains
  14. Bereshit Rabbah
    Tiberias · 600
  15. Duties of the Heart
    Zaragoza (Saragossa) · 1080
  16. Guide for the Perplexed
    Cairo · 1190
  17. Yalkut Shimoni on Nach
    Tiberias · 1250
  18. Zohar
    Guadalajara · 1280
  19. Zohar Chadash
    Guadalajara · 1290
  20. Sefer HaIkkarim
    Soria · 1425
  21. Akeidat Yitzchak
    Tarragona · 1490
  22. Abarbanel on Torah
    Naples · 1505
  23. Avodat HaKodesh (Ibn Gabbai)
    Cairo · 1523
  24. Sforno on Genesis
    Bologna · 1550
  25. Ohr HaChammah on Zohar
    Tzfat · 1620
  26. Kalach Pitchei Chokhmah
    Padua · 1730
  27. Mikdash Melekh on Zohar
    Tzfat · 1750
  28. Likutei Halakhot
    Breslov (Ukraine) · 1840
  29. Malbim on Genesis
    Bucharest · 1860
  30. Malbim on Isaiah
    Bucharest · 1860
  31. Malbim on Job
    Bucharest · 1860
  32. Talmud Eser HaSefirot
    Jerusalem · 1939
  33. Sulam on Zohar
    Jerusalem · 1945
  34. De Aeternitate Mundi
    explains
  35. Fragmenta Logica et Physica
    Athens
    explains
  36. Praeparatio Evangelica
    explains
  37. De Resurrectione
    explains
  38. In Aristotelis Meteorologicorum Librum Primum Commentarium
    Alexandria
    explains
  39. Refutatio Omnium Haeresium (= Philosophumena)
    explains
  40. Historical Library
    Syracuse (Sicily)
    explains

Key passages(20)

Mishneh Torah, Foundations of the Torah · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

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הוֹאִיל וְכָל הַנִּפְסָד יִפָּרֵד לִיסוֹדוֹת אֵלּוּ לָמָּה נֶאֱמַר לָאָדָם (בראשית ג יט) "וְאֶל עָפָר תָּשׁוּב". לְפִי שֶׁרֹב בִּנְיָנוֹ מִן הֶעָפָר. וְלֹא כָּל הַנִּפְסָד כְּשֶׁיִּפָּסֵד מִיָּד יַחֲז

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Mishneh Torah, Foundations of the Torah · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

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אַרְבָּעָה יְסוֹדוֹת הָאֵלּוּ מִשְׁתַּנִּים זֶה לָזֶה תָּמִיד בְּכָל יוֹם וּבְכָל שָׁעָה מִקְצָתָן לֹא כָּל גּוּפָן. כֵּיצַד. מִקְצָת הָאָרֶץ הַקְּרוֹבָה מִן הַמַּיִם מִשְׁתַּנֵּית וּמִתְפּוֹרֶרֶת וְנ

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Mishneh Torah, Foundations of the Torah · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1176 CE

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לְעוֹלָם אֵין אַתָּה רוֹאֶה גֹּלֶם בְּלֹא צוּרָה אוֹ צוּרָה בְּלֹא גֹּלֶם. אֶלָּא לֵב הָאָדָם הוּא שֶׁמְּחַלֵּק גּוּף הַנִּמְצָא בְּדַעְתּוֹ וְיוֹדֵעַ שֶׁהוּא מְחֻבָּר מִגֹּלֶם וְצוּרָה. וְיוֹדֵעַ שֶׁ

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Fragments & Testimonia · Aristotle

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De generatione et corruptione · Aristotle

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De generatione et corruptione · Aristotle

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Guide for the Perplexed · Moses ben Maimon (Rambam) · 1190 CE

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ההתהוות וההתכלות באדם ובמציאות כרוכות זו בזו16 היקש ז) וכמו שכוחות האדם הגורמים להתהוותו ולקיומו במשך זמן קיומו הם עצמם הגורמים לכיליונו ולאובדנו – כך סיבות ההתהוות הן עצמן סיבות הכיליון בכל עולם ההתה

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De mixtione · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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In Aristotelis Meteorologicorum Libros Commentaria · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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Ἠθικὰ προβλήματα [Sp.] · Alexander of Aphrodisias

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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De Generatione Animalium · Aristotle

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