Nur al-Din al-Bitruji
?–1204 CE · Pedroche
Nūr al-Dīn ibn Isḥaq al-Biṭrūjī (Arabic: نور الدين ابن إسحاق البطروجي, died c. 1204), known in the West by the Latinized name of Alpetragius, was an Arab astronomer and qadi in al-Andalus. Al-Biṭrūjī was the first astronomer to present the concentric spheres model as an alternative to the Ptolemaic system, with the planets borne by geocentric spheres. Another original aspect of his system was proposing a physical cause of celestial motions. His alternative system spread through most of Europe during the 13th century. The crater Alpetragius on the Moon is named after him.
Adapted from Wikipedia, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
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- Jayavarman VII· 1122 CE–1218 CE
- Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad· 1140 CE–1203 CE
- Saladin· 1137 CE–1193 CE
- Minamoto no Yoritomo· 1147 CE–1199 CE
- Muhammad of Ghor· 1144 CE–1206 CE
- Qutb ud-Din Aibak· –1210 CE
- Kaykhusraw I· –1211 CE
- al-Adid· 1151 CE–1171 CE
- Prithviraj Chauhan· 1166 CE–1192 CE
- Isaac II Angelos· 1156 CE–1204 CE
- Al-Adil I· 1145 CE–1218 CE
- Frederick I Barbarossa· 1122 CE–1190 CE
- Manuel I Komnenos· 1118 CE–1180 CE
- Emperor Gaozong of Song· 1107 CE–1187 CE
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