Pope John IX
?–900 CE · Tivoli (Tibur)
A Benedictine monk born at Tivoli and ordained by Formosus, John IX was elected amid continuing strife between the Formosan and anti-Formosan factions. He worked to consolidate the rehabilitation of Formosus, convening synods at Rome and Ravenna that confirmed the nullity of the Cadaver Synod, forbade trying a dead pope, and ordered the burning of its acts. He sought to regulate papal elections, requiring imperial presence, and backed Lambert of Spoleto as emperor. He also addressed church affairs in Moravia. His reign represents a deliberate effort to restore legality after years of disorder.
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Tivoli (Tibur)
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About Tivoli (Tibur)
Tivoli, ancient Tibur, a hill town in Lazio east of Rome, Italy. It served as a papal refuge on several occasions and was the place of residence or refuge for various medieval popes.
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