Shivaji
1630 CE–1680 CE · Raigad
Shivaji (Shivaji Bhonsle, 1630-1680) was the founder of the Maratha state in western India. Rising from a family that served the Deccan sultanates, he carved out an independent kingdom through hill-fort warfare and mobile tactics against the Adil Shahi Sultanate of Bijapur and the Mughal Empire. He was crowned Chhatrapati (sovereign) at Raigad in 1674 and built an administration and navy to sustain his realm. The Maratha polity he founded grew into a major power in the following century.
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Raigad
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- Alexis I· 1629 CE–1676 CE
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- Po'pay (Popé)· 1630 CE–1692 CE
- Aurangzeb· 1618 CE–1707 CE
- Suleiman II· 1642 CE–1691 CE
- Mehmed IV· 1642 CE–1693 CE
- Ahmed II· 1643 CE–1695 CE
- Feodor III· 1661 CE–1682 CE
- Louis XIV· 1638 CE–1715 CE
- Tokugawa Tsunayoshi· 1646 CE–1709 CE
- Ibrahim· 1615 CE–1648 CE
- Shah Jahan· 1592 CE–1666 CE
- Osei Tutu· –1717 CE
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