Pope Leo XIII
1810 CE–1903 CE · Modern · Carpineto Romano
Born Vincenzo Gioacchino Pecci, Leo XIII reigned twenty-five years and reshaped how the Church engaged the modern world. His 1891 encyclical Rerum Novarum addressed industrial capitalism, workers' rights, just wages, and private property, founding modern Catholic social teaching and influencing labor movements across confessions. A learned diplomat, he encouraged the study of Thomas Aquinas, opened the Vatican archives to scholars, and cautiously eased tensions with secular governments. Though he never resolved the 'Roman Question' over the lost Papal States, his intellectual seriousness and social vision made him one of the most consequential modern pontiffs.
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Carpineto RomanoItaly
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