Cesare Beccaria
1738 CE–1794 CE · Jurist · Milan
Cesare Beccaria was an Italian jurist, philosopher, and economist of the Milanese Enlightenment. Born into a minor aristocratic family, he studied at a Jesuit college in Parma and took a law degree at Pavia in 1758. In Milan he joined Pietro Verri's Accademia dei Pugni and contributed to the journal Il Caffè. In 1764 he published Dei delitti e delle pene (On Crimes and Punishments), a concise treatise arguing that punishment should be proportionate, public, and preventive, and criticizing torture and capital punishment. The work was widely translated and read across Europe. He later held a chair in political economy and served in Habsburg administrative posts in Lombardy until his death.
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Milan
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The world in their lifetime
Thinkers, teachers, and rulers whose lives overlapped with Cesare Beccaria’s — a glimpse of the wider world they lived in. Drawn purely from recorded birth and death years.
Luminaries & Explorers world
- Voltaire· 1694 CE–1778 CE
- Samuel Johnson· 1709 CE–1784 CE
- David Hume· 1711 CE–1776 CE
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau· 1712 CE–1778 CE
- Denis Diderot· 1713 CE–1784 CE
- Christoph Willibald Gluck· 1714 CE–1787 CE
- Cao Xueqin· 1715 CE–1763 CE
- Adam Smith· 1723 CE–1790 CE
- Immanuel Kant· 1724 CE–1804 CE
- James Cook· 1728 CE–1779 CE
- Edmund Burke· 1729 CE–1797 CE
- Joseph Haydn· 1732 CE–1809 CE
- Edward Gibbon· 1737 CE–1794 CE
- Thomas Paine· 1737 CE–1809 CE
- Francisco Goya· 1746 CE–1828 CE
- Jeremy Bentham· 1748 CE–1832 CE
- Johann Wolfgang von Goethe· 1749 CE–1832 CE
- Alexander Hamilton· 1755 CE–1804 CE
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart· 1756 CE–1791 CE
- William Blake· 1757 CE–1827 CE
- Robert Burns· 1759 CE–1796 CE
- Mary Wollstonecraft· 1759 CE–1797 CE
- Friedrich Schiller· 1759 CE–1805 CE
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte· 1762 CE–1814 CE
Jewish world
Scientists
Islamic world
Christian world
Buddhist world
Rulers world
- George Washington· 1732 CE–1799 CE
- Joseph II· 1741 CE–1790 CE
- Catherine the Great· 1729 CE–1796 CE
- Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar· 1742 CE–1797 CE
- Rama I· 1737 CE–1809 CE
- Toussaint Louverture· 1743 CE–1803 CE
- Abdulhamid I· 1725 CE–1789 CE
- Joseph Brant (Thayendanegea)· 1743 CE–1807 CE
- Tipu Sultan· 1751 CE–1799 CE
- Andrianampoinimerina· –1810 CE
- Jeongjo of Joseon· 1752 CE–1800 CE
- Qianlong Emperor· 1711 CE–1799 CE
- Paul I· 1754 CE–1801 CE
- George III· 1738 CE–1820 CE
Works
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