Shu"t Oneg Yom Tov
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1816 CE–1879 CE · Acharonim · Bialystok
Rabbi Yom Tov Lipman Halpern (Heilpern), often given the fuller name Raphael Yom Tov Lipman, was a nineteenth-century Lithuanian halakhic authority. Born in 1816 in Rozan, where his father served as rabbi, he took up his first rabbinate in Krewo in 1836 and afterward led the communities of Kieidany, Ciechanowiec, and Mezhirech. In 1859 he was called to Bialystok, where he served as rabbi until his death in 1879. He is remembered chiefly for the responsa collection Oneg Yom Tov, published in two parts in 1880 and edited by his son Chaim Naftali Herz; a homiletical work of the same title appeared later. His years in Bialystok were not untroubled: after opposing communal figures who favored wealthier families over the poor in military conscription, he was accused of disloyalty to the Russian authorities and briefly imprisoned.
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Bialystok was a major Lithuanian-Polish Jewish center on the seam between Litvish and Hasidic worlds. R. Chaim Halberstam (Sanz dynasty) and R. Chaim Soloveitchik both had students teaching here. The city was 70% Jewish in 1900 (41,000 Jews); the community was annihilated in the Bialystok Ghetto uprising of August 1943.
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